Claim. If r> 1 and 2 E N., then N, - {x} ~ N₁_1. Proof: We have N, - (N-1- {x}) U {x}. Since N, 1- {x} and {x} are disjoint, = N₁ = (N-1- {a}) U{r} = N₂-1- {x} + {x} Since N {x}= = and therefore, N, - {x} ~ N-1. " we have N.1- {x}= , =

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