Citric acid (or citrate) is an allosteric inhibitor of one of the first enzymes in glycolysis. How, in general, will it af Glucose Inhibits why Glycolysis Fructose-6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Pyruvate AMP Stimulates Inhibits

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Citric acid (or citrate) is an allosteric inhibitor of one of the first enzymes in glycolysis. How, in general, will it affect cellular respiration?

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram illustrates the interplay between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, along with the regulation of phosphofructokinase, an enzyme in glycolysis. Key components are:

1. **Glycolysis Pathway (light blue box):**
   - **Substrate:** Glucose is converted into fructose-6-phosphate.
   - **Phosphofructokinase:** This enzyme converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
   - **End Product:** Pyruvate.

2. **Citric Acid Cycle (red box):**
   - **Acetyl CoA:** Formed from pyruvate entering the cycle.
   - **Citric Acid:** The cycle produces citrate, which feeds back to inhibit phosphofructokinase.

3. **Regulation:**
   - **Inhibition:** Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase, slowing glycolysis.
   - **Stimulation:** AMP stimulates phosphofructokinase, enhancing glycolysis.
   - ATP is shown providing energy, with excess ATP inhibiting the process.

**Question and Options:**

How will citric acid abundance affect cellular respiration?

- O Glycolysis will slow down when citric acid is abundant.
- O It will compete with glucose for the active site of the enzyme.
- O It will stop the citric acid cycle when pyruvate is abundant.
- O All of the above.
Transcribed Image Text:Citric acid (or citrate) is an allosteric inhibitor of one of the first enzymes in glycolysis. How, in general, will it affect cellular respiration? **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates the interplay between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, along with the regulation of phosphofructokinase, an enzyme in glycolysis. Key components are: 1. **Glycolysis Pathway (light blue box):** - **Substrate:** Glucose is converted into fructose-6-phosphate. - **Phosphofructokinase:** This enzyme converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. - **End Product:** Pyruvate. 2. **Citric Acid Cycle (red box):** - **Acetyl CoA:** Formed from pyruvate entering the cycle. - **Citric Acid:** The cycle produces citrate, which feeds back to inhibit phosphofructokinase. 3. **Regulation:** - **Inhibition:** Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase, slowing glycolysis. - **Stimulation:** AMP stimulates phosphofructokinase, enhancing glycolysis. - ATP is shown providing energy, with excess ATP inhibiting the process. **Question and Options:** How will citric acid abundance affect cellular respiration? - O Glycolysis will slow down when citric acid is abundant. - O It will compete with glucose for the active site of the enzyme. - O It will stop the citric acid cycle when pyruvate is abundant. - O All of the above.
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