Chromosomes undergoing recombination during meiosis Maternal chromosome 2 and paternal chromosome 3 Paternal chromosome 8 and maternal chromosome 9 Maternal chromosome 1 and paternal chromosome 1 Homologous chromosomes Nonhomologous chromosomes
Microscopic examination
The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.
Gram Staining
Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.
A chromosome is a large DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic makeup. The really lengthy, thin DNA strands throughout most of thre chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotes, the histones constitute the most significant of these proteins.
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