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- The molecule shown here is difluoromethane (CH2F2), which isused as a refrigerant called R-32. (a) Based on the structure, howmany electron domains surround the C atom in this molecule?(b) Would the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment? (c) Ifthe molecule is polar, which of the following describes the directionof the overall dipole moment vector in the molecule:(i) from the carbon atom toward a fluorine atom, (ii) from thecarbon atom to a point midway between the fluorine atoms,(iii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the hydrogenatoms, or (iv) from the carbon atom toward a hydrogenatom?Which of the following bonds is the most polar (a) H¬F (b) H¬I (c) Se¬F (d) N¬P (e) Ga¬C?What do you mean by the below statement ? An inductive effect is the pull of electron density through σ bondscaused by electronegativity differences of atoms.
- 9. Resonance and hybridization questions. (a) Write valence bond wavefunction for the resonance hybrid HF + H'F (allow for different contributions for each structure). (b) Write valence bond wavefunction for the resonance hybrid CO + Co* + C*o' (allow for different contributions for each structure).Predict whether each of the following has a dipole moment. Show shifting of electron density. (a) HBr (b) AlCl3 (c) CBr4Dinitrogen difluoride, N₂F₂, is the only stable, simple inor-ganic molecule with an N=N bond. The compound occurs incisand transforms.(a) Draw the molecular shapes of the two forms of N₂F₂.(b) Predict the polarity, if any, of each form.
- Consider the Lewis structure shown below.(a) Does the Lewis structure depict a neutral molecule or anion? If it is an ion, what is the charge on the ion? (b) What hybridizationis exhibited by each of the carbon atoms? (c) Arethere multiple equivalent resonance structures for the species?(d) How many electrons are in the p system of the species?Search this c Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. Consider each of the following molecules and/or ions. Give the hybridization for the central atom in each case, and also give the molecular geometry. Ignore any distortions in the geometry due to non-equivalent terminal atoms. molecule hybridization for central atom molecular central atom or ion geometry (a) HCIO (b) SO,F2 S (c) CH; C (d) CS2 C (e) CIO,* CI Submit Answer 5 question attempts remainingIndicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) s orbitalscan only make s or s* molecular orbitals. (b) The probabilityis 100% for finding an electron at the nucleus in a p* orbital.(c) Antibonding orbitals are higher in energy than bondingorbitals (if all orbitals are created from the same atomic orbitals).(d) Electrons cannot occupy an antibonding orbital.
- Are these statements true or false? Correct any that are false.(a) Two bonds comprise a double bond.(b) A triple bond consists of one bond π and two bonds σ.(c) Bonds formed from atomic sorbitals are always bonds.(d) A π bond restricts rotation about the σ-bond axis.(e) A π bond consists of two pairs of electrons.(f) End-to-end overlap results in a bond with electron density above and below the bond axis.The molecule shown here is difluoromethane 1CH2F22, which isused as a refrigerant called R-32. (a) Based on the structure, howmany electron domains surround the C atom in this molecule?(b) Would the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment? (c) Ifthe molecule is polar, which of the following describes the directionof the overall dipole moment vector in the molecule:(i) from the carbon atom toward a fluorine atom, (ii) from thecarbon atom to a point midway between the fluorine atoms,(iii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the hydrogenatoms, or (iv) from the carbon atom toward a hydrogenatom? [Sections 9.2 and 9.3]9.5Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C10H8, a moleculethat consists of two six-membered rings of carbonfused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewisstructure:(a) Draw all of the resonance structures of naphthalene.How many are there? (b) Do you expect the C¬C bondlengths in the molecule to be similar to those of C¬Csingle bonds, C“C double bonds, or intermediate betweenC¬C single and C“C double bonds? (c) Not allof the C¬C bond lengths in naphthalene are equivalent.Based on your resonance structures, how many C¬Cbonds in the molecule do you expect to be shorter thanthe others?