Choose a suitable material of construction for the following duties: Concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 50 °C. 5 per cent w/w nitric acid at 30 °C. Boiling concentrated nitric acid h) 10 per cent w/w sodium chloride solution. A 5 per cent w/w solution of cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid. 10 per cent w/w hydrofluoric acid
7.3 Choose a suitable material of construction for the following duties:
- Concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 50 °C.
- 5 per cent w/w nitric acid at 30 °C.
- Boiling concentrated nitric acid h) 10 per cent w/w sodium chloride solution.
- A 5 per cent w/w solution of cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid.
- 10 per cent w/w hydrofluoric acid
In each case, select the material for a 50 mm pipe operating at approximately 2 bar pressure. Provide the justifications.
7.4 Suggest suitable materials of construction for the following applications:
- A 500 m3 aqueous waste hold-up tank. The wastewater pH can vary from 1 to 12. The wastewater will also contain traces of organic material.
- A packed absorption column 0.5 m diameter, 3 m high, absorbing gaseous hydrochloric acid into water. The column will operate at essentially atmospheric pressure.
7.5 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is manufactured by the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol using a shell and tube type reactor. Flue gases are used for heating and pass through the tubes. The flue gases will contain traces of sulfur dioxide. The reaction products include hydrogen. The reaction takes place in the shell at a pressure of 3 bar and temperature of 500°C. Select suitable materials for the tubes and shell.
7.6 Aniline is manufactured by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in a fluidized bed reactor. The reactor operates at 250°C and 20 bar. The reactor vessel is approximately 3 m diameter and 9 m high. Suggest suitable materials of construction for this reactor.
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