Cholic acid, a major constituent of bile, has the structure shown.(a) Draw the structure of cholic acid, showing the rings in their chairconformations, and label each methyl group and hydroxy group asaxial or equatorial. (Making a model may be helpful.)(b) Cholic acid is secreted in bile as an amide linked to the aminogroup of glycine. This cholic acid–amino acid combination acts asan emulsifying agent to disperse lipids in the intestines for easierdigestion. Draw the structure of the cholic acid–glycine combination,and explain why it is a good emulsifying agent.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Cholic acid, a major constituent of bile, has the structure shown.
(a) Draw the structure of cholic acid, showing the rings in their chair
conformations, and label each methyl group and hydroxy group as
axial or equatorial. (Making a model may be helpful.)
(b) Cholic acid is secreted in bile as an amide linked to the amino
group of glycine. This cholic acid–amino acid combination acts as
an emulsifying agent to disperse lipids in the intestines for easier
digestion. Draw the structure of the cholic acid–glycine combination,
and explain why it is a good emulsifying agent.
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