### Resonance Structures Activity Fill in the missing resonance structures (1) and (2) from the options provided. #### Diagram Explanation: - The initial structure features a benzene ring with an oxygen atom double-bonded to one of the carbon atoms, and a single lone pair on the oxygen, resulting in a charge separation: a negative charge on the oxygen and a positive charge on the adjacent carbon. - There are two boxes labeled (1) and (2) that require the appropriate resonance structures. #### Options: - **A:** The oxygen atom exhibits a positive charge, and the carbon atom at the opposite end of the compound carries a negative charge. - **B:** The oxygen atom retains its negative charge, and there are no other charge separations shown in the structure. - **C:** Similar to option B, the oxygen maintains a single negative charge; however, the placement of the additional charges differs. - **D:** Exhibits both positive and negative charges with an alternate positioning that differs from option A. - **E:** Displays a negative charge on the oxygen without other charge differences. - **F:** Shows a positive charge on the oxygen atom with a different charge balancing compared to option D. - **G:** Features an OH group bonded to the benzene ring, showing structural change. - **H:** Displays the oxygen's lone pairs and negative charge without further charge separation. Select the appropriate structures for your resonance completion challenge. Consider charge balance and placement in aromatic systems to guide your choice.
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
15
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
