### Calculate the pH of solutions prepared by: (a) Dissolving 4.8 g of lithium hydroxide in water to give 250 mL of solution. (b) Dissolving 0.93 g of hydrogen chloride in water to give 0.40 L of solution. (c) Diluting 50.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl to a volume of 1.00 L of solution. (d) Mixing 100.0 mL of 2.0 × 10⁻³ M HCl and 400.0 mL of 1.0 × 10⁻³ M HClO₄. (Assume that volumes are additive.)

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