**5. Drawing Reaction Mechanism Arrows** - For reactions that have two starting materials, indicate and label which species is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile. (HINT: Look at the reactants and look at the products to see where bonds form and where bonds break! Using your pKa table and bond polarity predictions will help!) - Then, draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons for bond forming and bond breaking in each of the reaction steps. - Finally, identify and label what type of elementary step is represented for each mechanism. **REACTION #1 (3 elementary steps):** **Step 1 Name of Elementary Step:** \[ \text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with CH}_3\text{-O-H} + \text{H-Cl} \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring bonded to } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+} \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}^- \] **Step 2 Name of Elementary Step:** \[ \text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+}\text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{CH}_3\text{-O-H} \] **Step 3 Name of Elementary Step:** \[ \text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring}\text{-Cl} \] **Diagram/Graph Explanation:** Each step involves specific electron movements, indicated by curved arrows. The arrows will show how bonds break and form: - **Step 1:** Identify the nucleophile and electrophile among the given reactants. Curved arrows will typically originate from the electron-rich nucleophile and point towards the electron-deficient electrophile. - **Step 2:** Illustrates the departure of a leaving group and formation of a new product. - **Step 3:** Shows the complete mechanism illustrating the final bonding state after nucleophilic substitution. Note: Specific names for each elementary step are not provided and should be referenced based on standard reaction step types such as "proton transfer," "nucleophilic attack," etc. during the actual educational exercise.
**5. Drawing Reaction Mechanism Arrows** - For reactions that have two starting materials, indicate and label which species is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile. (HINT: Look at the reactants and look at the products to see where bonds form and where bonds break! Using your pKa table and bond polarity predictions will help!) - Then, draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons for bond forming and bond breaking in each of the reaction steps. - Finally, identify and label what type of elementary step is represented for each mechanism. **REACTION #1 (3 elementary steps):** **Step 1 Name of Elementary Step:** \[ \text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with CH}_3\text{-O-H} + \text{H-Cl} \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring bonded to } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+} \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}^- \] **Step 2 Name of Elementary Step:** \[ \text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+}\text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{CH}_3\text{-O-H} \] **Step 3 Name of Elementary Step:** \[ \text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring}\text{-Cl} \] **Diagram/Graph Explanation:** Each step involves specific electron movements, indicated by curved arrows. The arrows will show how bonds break and form: - **Step 1:** Identify the nucleophile and electrophile among the given reactants. Curved arrows will typically originate from the electron-rich nucleophile and point towards the electron-deficient electrophile. - **Step 2:** Illustrates the departure of a leaving group and formation of a new product. - **Step 3:** Shows the complete mechanism illustrating the final bonding state after nucleophilic substitution. Note: Specific names for each elementary step are not provided and should be referenced based on standard reaction step types such as "proton transfer," "nucleophilic attack," etc. during the actual educational exercise.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Drawing Reaction Mechanism Arrows:
![**5. Drawing Reaction Mechanism Arrows**
- For reactions that have two starting materials, indicate and label which species is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile. (HINT: Look at the reactants and look at the products to see where bonds form and where bonds break! Using your pKa table and bond polarity predictions will help!)
- Then, draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons for bond forming and bond breaking in each of the reaction steps.
- Finally, identify and label what type of elementary step is represented for each mechanism.
**REACTION #1 (3 elementary steps):**
**Step 1 Name of Elementary Step:**
\[
\text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with CH}_3\text{-O-H} + \text{H-Cl} \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring bonded to } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+} \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}^-
\]
**Step 2 Name of Elementary Step:**
\[
\text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+}\text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{CH}_3\text{-O-H}
\]
**Step 3 Name of Elementary Step:**
\[
\text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring}\text{-Cl}
\]
**Diagram/Graph Explanation:**
Each step involves specific electron movements, indicated by curved arrows. The arrows will show how bonds break and form:
- **Step 1:** Identify the nucleophile and electrophile among the given reactants. Curved arrows will typically originate from the electron-rich nucleophile and point towards the electron-deficient electrophile.
- **Step 2:** Illustrates the departure of a leaving group and formation of a new product.
- **Step 3:** Shows the complete mechanism illustrating the final bonding state after nucleophilic substitution.
Note: Specific names for each elementary step are not provided and should be referenced based on standard reaction step types such as "proton transfer," "nucleophilic attack," etc. during the actual educational exercise.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9fa0ca06-dd60-4896-86b5-5c6179a72eaa%2F1428c1f1-4c2a-449f-86da-23be019c11e4%2Fkwf6l9.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**5. Drawing Reaction Mechanism Arrows**
- For reactions that have two starting materials, indicate and label which species is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile. (HINT: Look at the reactants and look at the products to see where bonds form and where bonds break! Using your pKa table and bond polarity predictions will help!)
- Then, draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons for bond forming and bond breaking in each of the reaction steps.
- Finally, identify and label what type of elementary step is represented for each mechanism.
**REACTION #1 (3 elementary steps):**
**Step 1 Name of Elementary Step:**
\[
\text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with CH}_3\text{-O-H} + \text{H-Cl} \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring bonded to } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+} \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}^-
\]
**Step 2 Name of Elementary Step:**
\[
\text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring with } \text{CH}_3\text{-O+}\text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{CH}_3\text{-O-H}
\]
**Step 3 Name of Elementary Step:**
\[
\text{Reactants:} \quad \text{Cyclohexane ring} + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cyclohexane ring}\text{-Cl}
\]
**Diagram/Graph Explanation:**
Each step involves specific electron movements, indicated by curved arrows. The arrows will show how bonds break and form:
- **Step 1:** Identify the nucleophile and electrophile among the given reactants. Curved arrows will typically originate from the electron-rich nucleophile and point towards the electron-deficient electrophile.
- **Step 2:** Illustrates the departure of a leaving group and formation of a new product.
- **Step 3:** Shows the complete mechanism illustrating the final bonding state after nucleophilic substitution.
Note: Specific names for each elementary step are not provided and should be referenced based on standard reaction step types such as "proton transfer," "nucleophilic attack," etc. during the actual educational exercise.
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