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### Resonance in Aromatic Systems **Image Description:** This image discusses the concept of resonance contributors in a given organic molecule, specifically in aromatic compounds. **Resonance Contributors:** The top section of the image illustrates the resonance contributors of a molecule. The molecule depicted is benzene with a cyanide (-CN) group attached to it, forming benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN). Arrows are used to indicate the resonance structures, but only the initial structure is shown clearly with the remaining structures indicated by question marks within circles. This suggests that there are multiple resonance forms of this molecule. **Chemical Reaction:** The bottom section of the image illustrates a chemical reaction involving benzonitrile and a reagent. The given reaction is: - **Starting molecule**: Benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN) - **Reactants**: Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) - **Products**: The product is not explicitly shown and is indicated with a question mark. This reaction suggests an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, where the benzene ring is reacting with SO₃/H₂SO₄. **Explanation:** - **Resonance Contributors**: Resonance contributes to the stability of benzene and its derivatives by allowing the delocalization of electrons within the molecule. In the particular case of benzonitrile, the nitrile group can participate in resonance with the benzene ring. - **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution**: In the presence of SO₃ and H₂SO₄, benzene rings typically undergo sulfonation. This would involve the introduction of an SO₃H (sulfonic acid) group to the benzene ring. ### Conclusion Understanding resonance structures and how various substituents affect the reactivity of aromatic compounds is fundamental in organic chemistry. This example illustrates the reactivity of benzonitrile towards sulfonation, a common reaction in aromatic chemistry.

### Resonance in Aromatic Systems **Image Description:** This image discusses the concept of resonance contributors in a given organic molecule, specifically in aromatic compounds. **Resonance Contributors:** The top section of the image illustrates the resonance contributors of a molecule. The molecule depicted is benzene with a cyanide (-CN) group attached to it, forming benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN). Arrows are used to indicate the resonance structures, but only the initial structure is shown clearly with the remaining structures indicated by question marks within circles. This suggests that there are multiple resonance forms of this molecule. **Chemical Reaction:** The bottom section of the image illustrates a chemical reaction involving benzonitrile and a reagent. The given reaction is: - **Starting molecule**: Benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN) - **Reactants**: Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) - **Products**: The product is not explicitly shown and is indicated with a question mark. This reaction suggests an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, where the benzene ring is reacting with SO₃/H₂SO₄. **Explanation:** - **Resonance Contributors**: Resonance contributes to the stability of benzene and its derivatives by allowing the delocalization of electrons within the molecule. In the particular case of benzonitrile, the nitrile group can participate in resonance with the benzene ring. - **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution**: In the presence of SO₃ and H₂SO₄, benzene rings typically undergo sulfonation. This would involve the introduction of an SO₃H (sulfonic acid) group to the benzene ring. ### Conclusion Understanding resonance structures and how various substituents affect the reactivity of aromatic compounds is fundamental in organic chemistry. This example illustrates the reactivity of benzonitrile towards sulfonation, a common reaction in aromatic chemistry.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Resonance in Aromatic Systems **Image Description:** This image discusses the concept of resonance contributors in a given organic molecule, specifically in aromatic compounds. **Resonance Contributors:** The top section of the image illustrates the resonance contributors of a molecule. The molecule depicted is benzene with a cyanide (-CN) group attached to it, forming benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN). Arrows are used to indicate the resonance structures, but only the initial structure is shown clearly with the remaining structures indicated by question marks within circles. This suggests that there are multiple resonance forms of this molecule. **Chemical Reaction:** The bottom section of the image illustrates a chemical reaction involving benzonitrile and a reagent. The given reaction is: - **Starting molecule**: Benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN) - **Reactants**: Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) - **Products**: The product is not explicitly shown and is indicated with a question mark. This reaction suggests an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, where the benzene ring is reacting with SO₃/H₂SO₄. **Explanation:** - **Resonance Contributors**: Resonance contributes to the stability of benzene and its derivatives by allowing the delocalization of electrons within the molecule. In the particular case of benzonitrile, the nitrile group can participate in resonance with the benzene ring. - **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution**: In the presence of SO₃ and H₂SO₄, benzene rings typically undergo sulfonation. This would involve the introduction of an SO₃H (sulfonic acid) group to the benzene ring. ### Conclusion Understanding resonance structures and how various substituents affect the reactivity of aromatic compounds is fundamental in organic chemistry. This example illustrates the reactivity of benzonitrile towards sulfonation, a common reaction in aromatic chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:### Resonance in Aromatic Systems **Image Description:** This image discusses the concept of resonance contributors in a given organic molecule, specifically in aromatic compounds. **Resonance Contributors:** The top section of the image illustrates the resonance contributors of a molecule. The molecule depicted is benzene with a cyanide (-CN) group attached to it, forming benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN). Arrows are used to indicate the resonance structures, but only the initial structure is shown clearly with the remaining structures indicated by question marks within circles. This suggests that there are multiple resonance forms of this molecule. **Chemical Reaction:** The bottom section of the image illustrates a chemical reaction involving benzonitrile and a reagent. The given reaction is: - **Starting molecule**: Benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN) - **Reactants**: Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) - **Products**: The product is not explicitly shown and is indicated with a question mark. This reaction suggests an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, where the benzene ring is reacting with SO₃/H₂SO₄. **Explanation:** - **Resonance Contributors**: Resonance contributes to the stability of benzene and its derivatives by allowing the delocalization of electrons within the molecule. In the particular case of benzonitrile, the nitrile group can participate in resonance with the benzene ring. - **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution**: In the presence of SO₃ and H₂SO₄, benzene rings typically undergo sulfonation. This would involve the introduction of an SO₃H (sulfonic acid) group to the benzene ring. ### Conclusion Understanding resonance structures and how various substituents affect the reactivity of aromatic compounds is fundamental in organic chemistry. This example illustrates the reactivity of benzonitrile towards sulfonation, a common reaction in aromatic chemistry.
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