Coulombs Law describes the interaction between two charges and varies by the magnitude of these charges and inversely with the distance between them. For atoms, we'll label the charges as the nuclear charge and electron charge. 9192 9nuclelec As you go up in atomic number (Z), the number of protons in the nucleus increases, making the charge on the nucleus increase, so that in general. qnuc = Z ·(+1) However if we think only of the electrons in the outermost shells (valence electrons), they do not see the full strength of the nuclear charge because it is partially shielded (or canceled out if you prefer) by the core electrons. So we define something called effective charge. Shielding Experiences net charge of about 1+ Nucleus Effective Charge = # of protons Zeff = Z – core # of core electrons In general, Zeff increases as you go across in the periodic table. 1. Fill out the following table to verify that effective charge increases as you go across a row. Element Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar Protons 11 Core e 10 Zeff +1 2. For which element in the above table will the coulomb interaction between nucleus and valence electrons be the strongest? The weakest?

Coulombs Law describes the interaction between two charges and varies by the magnitude of these charges and inversely with the distance between them. For atoms, we'll label the charges as the nuclear charge and electron charge. 9192 9nuclelec As you go up in atomic number (Z), the number of protons in the nucleus increases, making the charge on the nucleus increase, so that in general. qnuc = Z ·(+1) However if we think only of the electrons in the outermost shells (valence electrons), they do not see the full strength of the nuclear charge because it is partially shielded (or canceled out if you prefer) by the core electrons. So we define something called effective charge. Shielding Experiences net charge of about 1+ Nucleus Effective Charge = # of protons Zeff = Z – core # of core electrons In general, Zeff increases as you go across in the periodic table. 1. Fill out the following table to verify that effective charge increases as you go across a row. Element Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar Protons 11 Core e 10 Zeff +1 2. For which element in the above table will the coulomb interaction between nucleus and valence electrons be the strongest? The weakest?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Group the following ions into one of two groups based on the ion size compared to itsrespective neutral parent atom: (1) larger ionic radiusthan neutral atom OR (2)smaller ionic radiusthan neutral atom. Ions - Li, Be, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca Explain BOTH of the two groupings based on the principles of attractive/repulsive forces between theelectron(s) and proton(s) and how those forces affect the distance between the nucleus and atom’s vsion’s valence electrons.
A hypothetical covalent molecule, X–Y, has a dipole moment of 1.12D and a bond length of 101 pm. Calculate the partial charge on a pole of this molecule in terms of e, where e is the charge on an electron.
How many lattice paths are there from the point (−3, 10) to the point (5, −2) if the pathwaymust only go right and up?
I have to fill out this graph but I'm not sure how to. The options are for the blanks are: Linear (AX2), Trigonal Planar (AX3), Bent (AX2E), tetrahedral (AX4), Trig pyramidal (AX3E), Trig bipyramidal (AX5), SeeSaw (AX4E), T-shaped (AX3E2), square pyramidal (AX5E), square planar (AX4E2), 180, 120, <120, 109.5, 90 and 120, <90 and <120, <90, 90, <180
Looking for answers for the Lewis Structure C3H8 pictured . -Total number of electrons in C-H bonds. -The number of C-C single bonds -The number of C=C double bonds -Total number of unshared pairs
Based on the bond energies for the reaction below, what is the enthalpy of the reaction? HC≡CH (g) + 5/2 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + H₂O (g)
CONSIDER THE MOLECULE XI2CI2. Which of the following statement is/are true? if X is carbon the molecule is polar or non-polar depending on the positions of I and CI. if X is sulfur, the molecule is polar or non-polar depending on the positions of I and CI. if X is xenon the mole is polar or non-polar depending on the positions of I and CI.
Rank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest boiling point, choose 2 next to the substance with the next highest boiling point, and so on. substance chemical symbol, chemical formula or Lewis structure boiling point A B C : Cl: :C1: C=C (Choose one) : Cl: :C1: CaCl, (Choose one) N - (Choose one) D с12 (Choose one)
Rank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest boiling point, choose 2 next to the substance with the next highest boiling point, and so on. chemical symbol, chemical formula or Lewis structure substance boiling point H :0: .. A Н— С C - N - CH, (Choose one) Br CH, CaBr, (Choose one) v В CH3 CH3 -N - Choose one) CH3 H н :0: H D (Choose one) v Н — С — С — С — Н н н H
The nearest-neighbor distance in crystalline LiCl (rocksalt structure) is 2.570 Å; the bond length in a gaseous LiCl molecule is significantly shorter, 2.027 Å. Explain.
A neutral diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1.1 D and a bond length of 1.85 Å. What is the magnitude of the charge on each atom? State your answer in units of e (the electron charge). Recall that 1 D = 0.208 eÅ.
Rank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest boiling point, choose 2 next to the substance with the next highest boiling point, and so on. substance A B с D chemical symbol, chemical formula or Lewis structure : CI: C1₂ CaCl₂ :C1: :C1: boiling point (Choose one) ✓ (Choose one) (Choose one) ✓ (Choose one) X