Chapter 8- Carbohydrates (pages 221 - 223) 1. What are carbohydrates and what are the three elements that make them up? What is the general formula of carbohydrates? 2. One of the simplest carbohydrate is glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde (number of carbons) carbon sugar. is a 3. Draw the structure of D-glyceraldehyde (Fig. 8-1, page 222) in the space below. 4. Monosaccharides can be aldoses or ketoses, depending on the position of the carbonyl group. Describe aldoses and ketoses: a. Aldoses: H. b. Ketoses*: *IMPORTANT NOTE: The most common ketoses have the ketone function at carbon 2. 5. Circle the carbonyl group in the structures below and specify if the structures correspond to an aldose or ketoses. CH₂OH H-C-OH CH₂OH C=O T CH₂OH
Neutral Amino Acids
Amino acids which do not have any charge on them are neutral amino acids.
Globular Protein
The globular proteins refer to the shape of protein specifically spherical in nature apart from spherical form fibrous, disordered and membrane-bound proteins exist. These globular proteins are miscible in water and form a colloidal solution rather than other types which might not exhibit solubility. Many classes of the fold are found in globular proteins, which render them a sphere shape. Globular fold containing proteins usually are referred to by the term globin.
Dimer
Dimers are basic organic compounds, which are derivates of oligomers. It is formed by the combination of two monomers which could potentially be strong or weak and in most cases covalent or intermolecular in nature. Identical monomers are called homodimer, the non-identical dimers are called heterodimer. The method by which dimers are formed is known as “dimerization”.
Dipeptide
A dipeptide is considered a mixture of two distinct amino acids. Since the amino acids are distinct, based on their composition, two dipeptide's isomers can be produced. Various dipeptides are biologically essential and are therefore crucial to industry.
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