Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Convert the Fischer projection to a perspective formula.
Rules for R and S configuration:
- Atoms bonded with chiral carbon atom are arranged according to atomic mass. Higher atomic mass should be given first priority followed by others.
- Atoms are labelled as 1, 2, 3, and 4. An atom with higher atomic mass is given as 1 followed by 2,3, and 4 according to atomic mass.
- If the order of atomic mass is in a clockwise direction then the chiral carbon is labelled as R.
- If the order of atomic mass is in anti-clockwise direction then the chiral carbon is labelled as S.
- When the fourth prioritized atom is bonded by wedge line then order of clockwise direction should be labelled as S and order of anti-clockwise direction should be labelled as R.
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