CH3 H3C OH Br2 H20 CH3 CH3 H3C H3C Br Electrophilic addition of hypohalous acids to alkenes yields a 1,2-haloalcohol called i halohydrin. Halohydrin formation, however, does not result from the addition of HO-Br, for example. Instead the addition is done inc rectly by reaction of the alkene with Br2 in the presence of water. The reaction also works with Cl, to give chlorohydrins instead of romohydrins. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. In the second step of the reaction, water is the nucleophile and reacts with the bromonium ion to yield the product. The reaction can also proceed using an alcohol as the solvent instead of water, to give a 1,2-haloether. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions H. | CH3 но CH3 HỘ CH3 HO CH3 H3C H3C Açtivate Windows Go to Settings to activate W Br Br
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.
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