CH3 H2 H C=C Pd H3C H CH2 HBr CH3 CH3 HBr CH;CH,C=CHCHCH3

Chemistry
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Chemical Reaction Descriptions

In this image, we have three separate chemical reactions, each involving different organic compounds and reagents.

---

#### Reaction 1:

- **Reactant:** 
  - A hydrocarbon with the structure:
    - A double bond (C=C) between two carbon atoms.
    - Each carbon atom of the double bond is attached to one hydrogen atom and one methyl group (CH₃).
    - The structure can be interpreted as 2-methylbut-2-ene.

- **Reagent:** 
  - Hydrogen gas (H₂) is used in the presence of a catalyst, palladium (Pd).

- **Explanation:** 
  - This reaction represents the hydrogenation of an alkene, where the double bond is reduced to a single bond by the addition of hydrogen atoms across the double bond.

---

#### Reaction 2:

- **Reactant:** 
  - A cyclohexene with a CH₂ group attached, making it cyclohexylmethane.

- **Reagent:**
  - Hydrogen bromide (HBr).

- **Explanation:**
  - This reaction demonstrates the addition of HBr to a cycloalkene, where the hydrogen attaches to one carbon and the bromine attaches to the other carbon of the double bond, leading to the formation of an alkyl bromide.

---

#### Reaction 3:

- **Reactant:** 
  - A hydrocarbon chain with a double bond:
    - The structure is 4-methylpent-2-ene, having a methyl group (CH₃) and an ethyl group (CH₂CH₃) on the double-bonded carbons.

- **Reagent:**
  - Hydrogen bromide (HBr).

- **Explanation:**
  - This illustrates the electrophilic addition of HBr to an alkene. The hydrogen of HBr bonds to one of the carbons involved in the double bond, while the bromine bonds to the other, forming a bromoalkane. This typically follows Markovnikov's rule, where the bromine atom bonds to the more substituted carbon atom.

--- 

These types of reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry for understanding the behavior and reactivity of alkenes and the formation of more complex organic compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reaction Descriptions In this image, we have three separate chemical reactions, each involving different organic compounds and reagents. --- #### Reaction 1: - **Reactant:** - A hydrocarbon with the structure: - A double bond (C=C) between two carbon atoms. - Each carbon atom of the double bond is attached to one hydrogen atom and one methyl group (CH₃). - The structure can be interpreted as 2-methylbut-2-ene. - **Reagent:** - Hydrogen gas (H₂) is used in the presence of a catalyst, palladium (Pd). - **Explanation:** - This reaction represents the hydrogenation of an alkene, where the double bond is reduced to a single bond by the addition of hydrogen atoms across the double bond. --- #### Reaction 2: - **Reactant:** - A cyclohexene with a CH₂ group attached, making it cyclohexylmethane. - **Reagent:** - Hydrogen bromide (HBr). - **Explanation:** - This reaction demonstrates the addition of HBr to a cycloalkene, where the hydrogen attaches to one carbon and the bromine attaches to the other carbon of the double bond, leading to the formation of an alkyl bromide. --- #### Reaction 3: - **Reactant:** - A hydrocarbon chain with a double bond: - The structure is 4-methylpent-2-ene, having a methyl group (CH₃) and an ethyl group (CH₂CH₃) on the double-bonded carbons. - **Reagent:** - Hydrogen bromide (HBr). - **Explanation:** - This illustrates the electrophilic addition of HBr to an alkene. The hydrogen of HBr bonds to one of the carbons involved in the double bond, while the bromine bonds to the other, forming a bromoalkane. This typically follows Markovnikov's rule, where the bromine atom bonds to the more substituted carbon atom. --- These types of reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry for understanding the behavior and reactivity of alkenes and the formation of more complex organic compounds.
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