Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Write the IUPAC name for each of the following amides:
![**Part A**
Structure of the compound:
```
CH3 O
| ||
CH3—CH2—CH—CH2—C—NH2
```
Spell out the full name of the compound.
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**Part B**
Structure of the compound:
A benzene ring (hexagon with alternating double bonds), with an acyl group (C=O) attached to it. This group is connected to another group consisting of a nitrogen (N) bonded to a CH3 group (methyl group).
Spell out the full name of the compound.
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**Part C**
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![**Transcription for Educational Website**
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**Spell out the full name of the compound.**
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**Part C**
O
||
CH₃—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—C—NH₂
Spell out the full name of the compound.
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**Explanation of the Structure:**
The chemical structure given is a line-bond structure representing a chemical compound. It consists of the following segments:
- **CH₃**: A methyl group.
- **CH₂** segments: Repeating methylene groups.
- **C=O (carbonyl group)**: The double-bonded oxygen indicates a carbonyl group.
- **NH₂ (amino group)**: Indicates the presence of an amine.
The compound is a type of primary amide, specifically deriving from a pentanoic acid (four carbon chains before the functional group) with an amide group replacing the oxygen of the acid.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F770632c7-1b28-443f-880e-1158eacacd5a%2F10f4dadc-2637-48db-8bcd-519b8d249ac3%2F5rq1jor.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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