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CH 2 HO: CH3 Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars, including charges where needed. The single bond is active by default.

CH 2 HO: CH3 Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars, including charges where needed. The single bond is active by default.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Drawing Organic Molecules Using Chemical Drawing Tools:** In this tutorial, you will learn how to draw an organic molecule using various chemical drawing tools available on the platform. The molecule depicted here can be drawn by following these steps: - **Structure Overview:** - The molecule includes a central carbon (C) atom. - This carbon is double-bonded to an oxygen (O) atom (indicated by a double line). - The carbon is single-bonded to two methyl (CH₃) groups. - Additionally, the carbon is bonded to a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) with a single bond. - **Steps to Draw the Molecule:** 1. **Select Tools:** - Use the Tools toolbar to select the type of bond (single or double). - Use the Atoms toolbar to select the types of atoms (C, O, H). - Access the Advanced Template toolbars for any additional configurations such as charges. 2. **Draw Bonds and Atoms:** - Start by placing the central carbon (C) atom on the canvas. - Draw a double bond (two parallel lines) to an oxygen (O) atom. - Attach two single bonds to two separate carbon atoms (CH₃ groups). - Draw another single bond connecting to an OH⁻ group. 3. **Add Charges and Lone Pairs:** - Include the lone pairs on the oxygen atom if necessary. - Incorporate any charges by selecting the appropriate options from the toolbar. Follow these simple steps to accurately draw the organic molecule on the canvas. Make sure that the single bond is selected by default, and adjust the bond type as you proceed through each step. This exercise will help you familiarize yourself with the usage of chemical drawing tools essential for representing chemical structures in a clear and precise manner.
Transcribed Image Text:**Drawing Organic Molecules Using Chemical Drawing Tools:** In this tutorial, you will learn how to draw an organic molecule using various chemical drawing tools available on the platform. The molecule depicted here can be drawn by following these steps: - **Structure Overview:** - The molecule includes a central carbon (C) atom. - This carbon is double-bonded to an oxygen (O) atom (indicated by a double line). - The carbon is single-bonded to two methyl (CH₃) groups. - Additionally, the carbon is bonded to a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) with a single bond. - **Steps to Draw the Molecule:** 1. **Select Tools:** - Use the Tools toolbar to select the type of bond (single or double). - Use the Atoms toolbar to select the types of atoms (C, O, H). - Access the Advanced Template toolbars for any additional configurations such as charges. 2. **Draw Bonds and Atoms:** - Start by placing the central carbon (C) atom on the canvas. - Draw a double bond (two parallel lines) to an oxygen (O) atom. - Attach two single bonds to two separate carbon atoms (CH₃ groups). - Draw another single bond connecting to an OH⁻ group. 3. **Add Charges and Lone Pairs:** - Include the lone pairs on the oxygen atom if necessary. - Incorporate any charges by selecting the appropriate options from the toolbar. Follow these simple steps to accurately draw the organic molecule on the canvas. Make sure that the single bond is selected by default, and adjust the bond type as you proceed through each step. This exercise will help you familiarize yourself with the usage of chemical drawing tools essential for representing chemical structures in a clear and precise manner.
### Understanding Molecular Structures --- **Title: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Example** --- **Figure Description:** The figure illustrates a nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism. It includes the molecular formula and the electron movement in the reaction. This specific example showcases an ethyl bromide molecule (CH₃CH₂Br) and an ammonia molecule (NH₃) as the nucleophile. 1. **Ethyl Bromide (CH₃CH₂Br):** - The molecule is shown with a carbon (C) bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms and a carbon bonded to a bromine (Br) atom. - There are lone pairs of electrons on the bromine atom indicating its high electronegativity. 2. **Ammonia (NH₃):** - Ammonia is depicted with a nitrogen (N) atom bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms and possessing a lone pair of electrons. 3. **Reaction Mechanism:** - The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in NH₃ attacks the carbon atom bonded to bromine in CH₃CH₂Br. - This electron movement is indicated by a curved arrow starting from the lone pair on NH₃ and pointing towards the carbon atom (CH₃CH₂) in CH₃CH₂Br. - As the nucleophilic attack occurs, the bond between the carbon and bromine in CH₃CH₂Br breaks, releasing a bromide ion (Br⁻). --- **Instruction:** Draw the molecules on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars, including charges where needed. The single bond is active by default. Use this visual guide to understand how nucleophiles interact in substitution reactions with electrophiles by following the electron flow to predict the products formed. --- **Learning Outcome:** - Comprehend the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution. - Recognize the role of lone pairs in nucleophilic attacks. - Identify the leaving groups in substitution reactions. --- For further exploration, try drawing the reaction's transition state and final products on the molecular canvas provided in the activity section. --- This transcription and explanation aim to provide a fundamental understanding of nucleophilic substitution reactions, assisting learners in visualizing and constructing molecular structures in organic chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Molecular Structures --- **Title: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Example** --- **Figure Description:** The figure illustrates a nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism. It includes the molecular formula and the electron movement in the reaction. This specific example showcases an ethyl bromide molecule (CH₃CH₂Br) and an ammonia molecule (NH₃) as the nucleophile. 1. **Ethyl Bromide (CH₃CH₂Br):** - The molecule is shown with a carbon (C) bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms and a carbon bonded to a bromine (Br) atom. - There are lone pairs of electrons on the bromine atom indicating its high electronegativity. 2. **Ammonia (NH₃):** - Ammonia is depicted with a nitrogen (N) atom bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms and possessing a lone pair of electrons. 3. **Reaction Mechanism:** - The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in NH₃ attacks the carbon atom bonded to bromine in CH₃CH₂Br. - This electron movement is indicated by a curved arrow starting from the lone pair on NH₃ and pointing towards the carbon atom (CH₃CH₂) in CH₃CH₂Br. - As the nucleophilic attack occurs, the bond between the carbon and bromine in CH₃CH₂Br breaks, releasing a bromide ion (Br⁻). --- **Instruction:** Draw the molecules on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars, including charges where needed. The single bond is active by default. Use this visual guide to understand how nucleophiles interact in substitution reactions with electrophiles by following the electron flow to predict the products formed. --- **Learning Outcome:** - Comprehend the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution. - Recognize the role of lone pairs in nucleophilic attacks. - Identify the leaving groups in substitution reactions. --- For further exploration, try drawing the reaction's transition state and final products on the molecular canvas provided in the activity section. --- This transcription and explanation aim to provide a fundamental understanding of nucleophilic substitution reactions, assisting learners in visualizing and constructing molecular structures in organic chemistry.
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