Cathode ray tubes in old television sets worked by accelerating electrons and then deflecting them with magnetic fields onto a phosphor screen. The magnetic fields were created by coils of wire on either side of the tube carrying large currents. In one such TV set, the phosphor screen is 50.6 cm wide, and is 10.1 cm away from the center of the magnetic deflection coils (that is, the center of the region of magnetic field). The electron beam is first accelerated through a 15,000 V potential difference before it enters the magnetic field region, which is 1.00 cm wide. The field is approximately uniform and perpendicular to the velocity of the electrons. If the field were turned off, the electrons would hit the center of the screen. What magnitude of magnetic field (in mT) is needed to deflect the electrons so that they hit the far edge of the screen? Ignore any relativistic corrections. mT

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Ampere Circuital Law

Ampere's Law states that "for any closed loop path, the sum of the length elements times the magnetic field in the direction of the length element is equal to the permeability times the electric current enclosed in the loop.”

Current Density

To design the electrical and electronic system, the current density is an important factor. The designer current level is the factor on which the circuit performance depends and with the help of the dimensions of the conducting current the current density is then determined. For instance, despite the lower current demanded by smaller devices as integrated circuits are reduced in size, there is a type of trend in achieving the higher device number in even smaller chip areas. The current density is increased in this region at higher frequencies because the conducting region in a wire becomes confined and this is known as the skin effect. The consequences increase as the current densities become higher.