Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Can you please help me with number 1.
![### Percent Yield
**Percent Yield:**
The **theoretical yield** of an experiment is the amount of product calculated from a stoichiometry problem after identifying the limiting reactant. However, when doing an experiment there are many opportunities for error such that the **actual yield**, the amount obtained in the lab after the chemical reaction occurred, is different from the theoretical yield. The difference in the actual and theoretical yield can be written as a percent ratio, **percent yield**.
\[
\text{Percent Yield} = \left( \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \right) \times 100
\]
For the following problems, identify the limiting reactant and calculate the percent yield.
1. **In an experiment, the actual yield was 3.26 grams and the theoretical yield was 3.42 grams. What was the percent yield?**
2. **A reaction between 2.1 L of Carbon dioxide and 6.7 g of Calcium hydroxide, produces Calcium Carbonate and water. However, when the experiment was done in the lab, scientists only measured a production of 9.11 grams of Calcium Carbonate.**
\[
\text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{CaCO}_3 (\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)}
\]
3. **Calcium carbonate can react with sulfuric acid to produce Calcium sulfate, water, and Carbon dioxide. 54.1 g CaCO3 and 42.4 g H2SO4 react together and produce 59.2 g Calcium Sulfate.**
\[
\text{CaCO}_3 (\text{s}) + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{CaSO}_4 (\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)} + \text{CO}_2 (\text{g})
\]
4. **Carbon dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium carbonate and water. When 2.41 L of Carbon dioxide gas and 3.50 grams of Sodium hydroxide are reacted together in a lab, 4.75 grams of Sodium carbonate is produced.**
\[
\text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) +](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2edd466f-2817-4bac-8006-7f1412760c74%2F2754d1e6-edd6-41ac-85ec-b2a040cdedf3%2Fzgarz5_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Percent Yield
**Percent Yield:**
The **theoretical yield** of an experiment is the amount of product calculated from a stoichiometry problem after identifying the limiting reactant. However, when doing an experiment there are many opportunities for error such that the **actual yield**, the amount obtained in the lab after the chemical reaction occurred, is different from the theoretical yield. The difference in the actual and theoretical yield can be written as a percent ratio, **percent yield**.
\[
\text{Percent Yield} = \left( \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \right) \times 100
\]
For the following problems, identify the limiting reactant and calculate the percent yield.
1. **In an experiment, the actual yield was 3.26 grams and the theoretical yield was 3.42 grams. What was the percent yield?**
2. **A reaction between 2.1 L of Carbon dioxide and 6.7 g of Calcium hydroxide, produces Calcium Carbonate and water. However, when the experiment was done in the lab, scientists only measured a production of 9.11 grams of Calcium Carbonate.**
\[
\text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{CaCO}_3 (\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)}
\]
3. **Calcium carbonate can react with sulfuric acid to produce Calcium sulfate, water, and Carbon dioxide. 54.1 g CaCO3 and 42.4 g H2SO4 react together and produce 59.2 g Calcium Sulfate.**
\[
\text{CaCO}_3 (\text{s}) + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{CaSO}_4 (\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)} + \text{CO}_2 (\text{g})
\]
4. **Carbon dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium carbonate and water. When 2.41 L of Carbon dioxide gas and 3.50 grams of Sodium hydroxide are reacted together in a lab, 4.75 grams of Sodium carbonate is produced.**
\[
\text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) +
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