7. (+1) (n+3 (n+3)(n+2) 2 for n ≥ -1

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Can you please help with #7 and #9? TIA

Justify the equations in 6-9 either by deriving them from for-
mulas in Example 9.7.1 or by direct computation from Theo-
rem 9.5.1. Assume m, n, k, and r are integers.
6. (m+k₁) -
= m + k, for m+k≥ 1
1
n+3
7. (+³)
=
(n+3)(n+2)
2
, for n ≥ -1
n+1
8.
(7) = 1, for k-r≥0
k
r
2n
9.
(²2)
for n ≥ 0
n
Transcribed Image Text:Justify the equations in 6-9 either by deriving them from for- mulas in Example 9.7.1 or by direct computation from Theo- rem 9.5.1. Assume m, n, k, and r are integers. 6. (m+k₁) - = m + k, for m+k≥ 1 1 n+3 7. (+³) = (n+3)(n+2) 2 , for n ≥ -1 n+1 8. (7) = 1, for k-r≥0 k r 2n 9. (²2) for n ≥ 0 n
Theorem 9.7.1 Pascal's Formula
Let n and r be positive integers and suppose r ≤n. Then
n+
(" + ¹) = ( ² ) + ( ) ·
r
Proof (algebraic version):
Let n and r be positive integers with r ≤n. By Theorem 9.5.1,
n!
( ²₁ ) + ( )=
+
(r − 1)!(n − (r − 1))!
-
r!(n-r)!
n!
n!
+
(r − 1)!(n − r + 1)!r!(n-r)!*
To add these fractions, a common denominator is needed, so multiply the numera-
tor and denominator of the left-hand fraction by r and multiply the numerator and
denominator of the right-hand fraction by (n-r+1). Then
n!
r
n!
(²₁) + ( )
(r − 1)!(n −r + 1)! r
(n-r+1)
r!(n-r)! (nr+1)
n-n! -n!-r+n!
n!.r
(n-r+1)!r(r 1)!
(nr+1)(n-r)!r!
_n!+r+n!•n__n!r+n!
=
n!(n + 1)
(n+1-r)!r!
(n-r+1)!r!
(n + 1)!
=
((n + 1) -r)!r!
=
= ("+¹).
Transcribed Image Text:Theorem 9.7.1 Pascal's Formula Let n and r be positive integers and suppose r ≤n. Then n+ (" + ¹) = ( ² ) + ( ) · r Proof (algebraic version): Let n and r be positive integers with r ≤n. By Theorem 9.5.1, n! ( ²₁ ) + ( )= + (r − 1)!(n − (r − 1))! - r!(n-r)! n! n! + (r − 1)!(n − r + 1)!r!(n-r)!* To add these fractions, a common denominator is needed, so multiply the numera- tor and denominator of the left-hand fraction by r and multiply the numerator and denominator of the right-hand fraction by (n-r+1). Then n! r n! (²₁) + ( ) (r − 1)!(n −r + 1)! r (n-r+1) r!(n-r)! (nr+1) n-n! -n!-r+n! n!.r (n-r+1)!r(r 1)! (nr+1)(n-r)!r! _n!+r+n!•n__n!r+n! = n!(n + 1) (n+1-r)!r! (n-r+1)!r! (n + 1)! = ((n + 1) -r)!r! = = ("+¹).
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