Calculating Cash Flow From Assets by = Operating Cash Flow (OCF) – Net Capital Spending (NCS) - Change in NWC (ΔNWC) = Earnings Before interest and taxes + Depreciation –Taxes - New fixed assets – Old fixed assets +Depreciation - ((New current assets – New current liabilities)-(Old current assets – Old current liabilities))
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
Calculating
= Operating Cash Flow (OCF) – Net Capital Spending (NCS) - Change in NWC (ΔNWC)
= Earnings Before interest and taxes +
![CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
for the year ended 31 December 2020
(Expressed in Hong Kong dollars)
2020
2019
Note
HK$'000
HK$'000
Cash flows from operating activities
(Loss)/profit before taxation
Adjustments for:
(741,819)
734,312
Finance income
(68,554)
(87,550)
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net
3,309
4,332
Income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
(6,344)
(13,478)
485,625
Depreciation
606,975
Amortisation of prepaid land lease payments
Amortisation of other intangible assets
32,664
29,401
2,946
2,977
Provision for impairment of property, plant and equipment and
properties under development
7,147
Reversal of impairment of trade and other receivables
(285)
(334)
(36,834)
(182,822)
Gain on bargain purchase of a subsidiary
Gain on deemed disposal of an associate
Reversal of provision for the closure of golf club
(138,346)
(155,358)
Changes in fair value of investment properties
183,271
36,238
Share of profits less losses of associates
22,612
(66,185)
Share of profits less losses of joint ventures
6,160
Equity-settled share option expense, net
(32,326)
(309,920)
1,248,370
Decrease in inventories
16,039
493
Increase in properties under development and completed
properties held for sale
(Increase)/decrease in trade receivables, deposits,
prepayments and other receivables
(374,149)
(590,436)
(808,830)
1,079
116,202
Decrease in amounts due from associates
8,767
Decrease in amounts due from holding companies
115,964
1,404
Increase in amounts due from fellow subsidiaries
(38,239)
(73,825)
Increase/(decrease) in trade payables,
other payables and accruals
871,149
(115,046)
Increase/(decrease) in amounts due to associates
4,241
(8,138)
Increase/(decrease) in amounts due to fellow subsidiaries
8,030
(6,080)
Increase in deferred income, net of sales tax
53,868
4,417
Cash (used in)/generated from operations
(460,768)
586,128
(53,038)
Hong Kong, PRC and Macau profits taxes paid
Overseas taxes paid
(185,025)
581
(21)
Net cash flows (used in)/generated from operating activities
(513,225)
401,082](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F027740b4-a46a-4b2b-b32d-ea764134abbd%2F8360c8e4-3f26-4ab4-ab1f-560fd791e83e%2Fmatwski_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
for the year ended 31 December 2020
(Expressed in Hong Kong dollars)
2020
2019
Note
HK$'000
HK$'000
Cash flows from investing activities
Finance income received
82,921
105,607
Dividends received from associates and joint ventures
136,564
Increase in loan to fellow subsidiaries
14,426
(238,502)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
and prepaid land lease payments
(480,322)
(461,426)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
13,888
28,634
Disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash
Acquisition of associates
Acquisition of joint ventures
(610)
(460)
(106,196)
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net
208,572
Increase in entrustment loan receivables
273,910
Proceeds upon disposal of financial assets
at fair value through profit or loss
602,686
2,581,307
Additions to financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
(863,556)
(1,694,449)
Decrease in pledged time deposits
Decrease in non-pledged time deposits with original maturity of
10,140
23,321
more than three months when acquired
818,589
559,596
Net cash generated from investing activities
301,148
1,313,492
Cash flows from financing activities
Capital element of lease rental paid
(58,665)
(42,034)
Interest element of lease rental paid
(12,990)
(13,819)
Finance cost paid
(8,701)
(61,810)
(5,235)
Dividends paid
Exercise of share option
425
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders
(7,027)
(146,311)
Contribution from non-controlling shareholders
90,842
198,188
Proceeds of new bank loans
143,340
Repayment of bank loans
(242,985)
Proceeds of amount due to non-controlling shareholder
Proceeds of loan from holding companies
133,882
432,148
Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities
716,295
(317,047)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
504,218
1,397,527
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
28(a)
2,460,369
1,101,901
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes, net
87,391
(39,059)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
28(a)
3,051,978
2,460,369](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F027740b4-a46a-4b2b-b32d-ea764134abbd%2F8360c8e4-3f26-4ab4-ab1f-560fd791e83e%2Frkibnr_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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