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Suppose that two counterparties, A and B, enter a three-month forward contract on January 1st, whereby A buys USD1 million at a forward rate of AUD/USD 1.7662. On March 1st, A decides it no longer needs to buy USD1 million on 31 March, so it enters a one-month forward contract to sell USD1 million on 31 March at a forward rate of AUD/USD 1.8000 from counterparty C.
a) Calculate the net cost to counterparty A, before transaction costs
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- 3-) What are the advantages of a currency options contract as a hedging tool compared with the forward contract? 4-) Ege Endüstri ve Ticaret A.S. (EGEEN) is a Turkey-based company that sold axle and axle parts to Volkswagen Germany on credit and invoiced €10 million payable in six months (payable for Volkswagen Germany). Currently, the six-month forward exchange rate is TL36/€ and the foreign exchange advisor for EGEEN predicts that the spot rate is likely to be TL35/€ in six months. a) What is the expected gain/loss from the forward hedging? b) If you were the financial manager of EGEEN, would you recommend hedging this euro receivable? Why or why not? c) Suppose the foreign exchange advisor predicts that the future spot rate will be the same as the forward exchange rate quoted today. Would you recommend hedging in this case? Why or why not? d) Suppose now that the future spot exchange rate is forecast to be TL37/€. Would you recommend hedging? Why or why not?On December 1, Year 1, Triaxal Incorporation enters into a forward contract to sell one million Philippines pesos (PP) to its bank in exchange for Canadian dollars on March 1, Year 2, at the market rate for a 90-day forward contract of PP1=$0.0227. On December 31, Year 1, Triaxal’s year-end, the 60-day forward rate to sell Philippines pesos on March 1 is quoted at PP1=$0.0222. On March 1, Year 2, the currencies are exchanged when the spot rate is PP1=$0.0220. Required Prepare journal entries for speculative forward contract under Gross Method and Net Method.On October 1, 2020, Mertag Company (a U.S.-based company) receives an order from a customer in Poland to deliver goods on January 31, 2021, for a price of 1,000,000 Polish zlotys (PLN). Mertag enters into a forward contract on October 1, 2020, to sell PLN 1,000,000 in four months (on January 31, 2021). U.S. dollar–Polish zloty exchange rates are as follows: Date Spot Rate Forward Rate(to January 31, 2021) October 1, 2020 $ 0.25 $ 0.29 December 31, 2020 0.28 0.31 January 31, 2021 0.30 N/A Mertag designates the forward contract as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency firm commitment. The fair value of the firm commitment is measured by referring to changes in the forward rate, and, therefore, forward points are included in assessing hedge effectiveness. Mertag must close its books and prepare financial statements on December 31. Discounting to present value can be ignored. Prepare journal entries for the foreign currency forward contract,…
- Analyse the scenario below. In each case, explain your reasoning Suppose that the current EUR/GBP exchange rate is £0.92 per euro. The current2-year interest rates are: GBP 4%, EUR 5%. Suppose further that you can use a 2-year forward contract with a EUR/GBP rate of £0.91 per euro. Could this contractbe used for an arbitrage opportunity? If yes, provide an example. Calculatearbitrage profit and explain how this profit can be earnedCurrently, the spot exchange rate is $1.67 per £ and the three-month forward exchange rate is $1.69 per £. The three-month interest rate is 8.0% per annum in the U.S. and 5.8% per annum in the U.K. Assume that you can borrow as much as $1,670,000 or £1,000,000. Required: a. Determine whether the interest rate parity is currently holding. b. If the IRP is not holding, how would you carry out covered interest arbitrage? What will be your arbitrage profit? c. Explain how the IRP will be restored as a result of covered arbitrage activities. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Required C Determine whether the interest rate parity is currently holding. Determine whether the interest rate parity is currently holding.D Company purchases 80,000 US dollars under a forward contract dated November 1, 2020, for delivery on January 31, 2021. The following are the direct exchange rates of a US dollar: 11/01/2020 12/31/2020 01/31/2021 Spot rates 45.75 44.90 44.5030-day forward 44.30 46.15 43.2060-day forward 47.65 44.30 45.7590-day forward 45.25 45.45 44.10 If the forward contract is a hedge of an import transaction of $80,000 dated November 1, 2020, payable on January 31, 2021, how much forex gain should the company report on its December 31, 2020 statement of comprehensive income?
- Currently, the spot exchange rate is $1.51 per £ and the three-month forward exchange rate is $1.53 per £. The three-month interest rate is 8.0% per annum in the U.S. and 5.8% per annum in the U.K. Assume that you can borrow as much as $1,510,000 or £1,000,000. Required: a. Determine whether the interest rate parity is currently holding. b. If the IRP is not holding, how would you carry out covered interest arbitrage? What will be your arbitrage profit? c. Explain how the IRP will be restored as a result of covered arbitrage activities. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Required C If the IRP is not holding, how would you carry out covered interest arbitrage? What will be your arbitrage profit? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Interest arbitrage Arbitrage profit Borrow in the U.S. and invest in the U.K. Hedge exchange rate risk by selling British pounds forward. < Required A Required CThe spot foreign exchange rate for the US dollar is 0.69056 Euros. Yourcompany agrees to pay a bank 63,694 Euros in 3 months in exchange for 100,000US dollars. This is a foreign currency forward contract. No cash is exchanged upfront. Give the underlying asset, the maturity date, and the forward rate (for theUS dollar). Compare to the spot forward rate. ConcludeA merchant in the UK has agreed to sell goods to an importer in the USA at an invoice price of $130,000. Of this amount, $40,000 will be payable on shipment, $60,000 one month after shipmentand $30,000 three months after shipment.The quoted foreign exchange rates ($ per £) at the date of shipment are as follows:Spot rate (on shipment) 1.690 -1.692Forward rate-(one month after) 1.687 -1.690Forward rate-(three months after) 1.680 -1.684The merchant decides to enter forward exchange contracts through his bank to hedge these transactions for fear that the future spot rates may change to his disadvantage. i. State what are the presumed advantages of using forward exchange contracts. ii. Calculate the sterling amount that the merchant would receive on these contracts. iii. Comment on the wisdom of the merchant decision to hedge by comparing his total receipts inpound sterling, assuming the spot rate ($ per £) at the dates of receipt of first payment upon shipment remains the same but rates…
- Commercial bank A and Savings bank B entered into a swap contract. The swap has a notional principal amount of $100 million and calls for Commercial Bank A to make annual floating interest rate payment of LIBOR minus 1% to Savings Bank B. In return, Savings Bank B pays fixed 8% interest rate to Commercial Bank A. If LIBOR is 8%, what is the net payment? Commercial Bank A Savings Bank B Savings Bank B pays Commercial Bank A by $1 million Commercial Bank A pays Savings Bank B by $1 million Net pay is 0 Can’t get the answer based on the given information4. A 3x9 FRA contract was set at a rate of 2.5% and settled against WIBOR 6M. Three months later the 6M WIBOR rate was 2.75%. The nominal value of the contract is PLN 5 million Please calculate the settlement amount (given below as absolute value) of the contract in 30/360 convention and indicate which counterparty will receive this amount. a) 6165.23 PLN and seller of FRA pays to the buyer. b) 6165.23 PLN and buyer of FRA pays to the seller. c) 12 330.46 PLN and seller of FRA pays to the buyer. d) 12 330.46 PLN and buyer of FRA pays to the seller.Icebreaker Company (a U.S.-based company) purchases materials from a foreign supplier on December 1, 2020, with payment of 23,000 dinars to be made on March 1, 2021. The materials are consumed immediately and recognized as cost of goods sold at the date of purchase. On December 1, 2020, Icebreaker enters into a forward contract to purchase 23,000 dinars on March 1, 2021. Relevant exchange rates for the dinar on various dates are as follows: Date Spot Rate Forward Rate(to March 1, 2021) December 1, 2020 $ 4.10 $ 4.175 December 31, 2020 4.20 4.300 March 1, 2021 4.35 N/A a-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a foreign currency payable, prepare journal entries for the import purchase and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars. a-2. What is the impact on 2020 net income? a-3. What is the impact on 2021 net income? a-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?…
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