Calculate the Altman Z-score of a firm who has the following financials: • Working capital = $1,000 • Retained earnings = $10,000 Earnings before interest and tax = $3,000 Market value of equity = $30,000 Total liabilities = $30,000 • • Sales $5,000 • Total Assets = $60,000 Altman Z-Score = 1.2A + 1.4B + 3.3C + 0.6D + 1.0E Where: • A = working capital / total assets • B = retained earnings / total assets • C = earnings before interest and tax / total assets • D market value of equity / total liabilities • E = sales / total assets
Cost of Capital
Shareholders and investors who invest into the capital of the firm desire to have a suitable return on their investment funding. The cost of capital reflects what shareholders expect. It is a discount rate for converting expected cash flow into present cash flow.
Capital Structure
Capital structure is the combination of debt and equity employed by an organization in order to take care of its operations. It is an important concept in corporate finance and is expressed in the form of a debt-equity ratio.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is a tool used for calculating the cost of capital for a firm wherein proportional weightage is assigned to each category of capital. It can also be defined as the average amount that a firm needs to pay its stakeholders and for its security to finance the assets. The most commonly used sources of capital include common stocks, bonds, long-term debts, etc. The increase in weighted average cost of capital is an indicator of a decrease in the valuation of a firm and an increase in its risk.
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