Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
When I calculated the bond energy, I got a negative value. So, I know I messed up somewhere. Thanks!
![Calculate the AH rxn for the chlorination of methane to form chloroform.
H.
H-CH + 3 CI-CI
CI + 3H-CI](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F805df41e-b889-4c16-a267-318b4eb3cf21%2F588b2fa5-97fd-492b-94d5-e66829892605%2Ffm535t8_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![Table 9.2
Average Bond Energles (k/mol) and Bond Lengths (pm)
Bond
Energy Length
Bond
Energy
Length
Bond
Energy Length
Bond
Energy
Length
Single Bonds
H-H
432
74
N-H
391
101
Si-H
323
148
S-H
347
134
H-F
565
92
N-N
160
146
Si-Si
226
234
S-S
266
204
H-CI
427
127
N-P
209
177
Si-0
368
161
S-F
327
158
Н—Вг
363
141
N-O
201
144
Si-S
226
210
S-CI
271
201
H-I
295
161
N-F
272
139
Si-F
565
156
S-Br
218
225
N-CI
200
191
Si-Ci
381
204
S-I
-170
234
С—Н
413
109
N-Br
243
214
Si-Br
310
216
C-C
347
154
N-I
159
222
Si-I
234
240
F-F
159
143
С—Si
301
186
F-CI
193
166
C-N
305
147
0-H
467
96
P-H
320
142
F-Br
212
178
C-0
358
143
0-P
351
160
Р—Si
213
227
F-I
263
187
С—Р
264
187
0-0
204
148
P-P
200
221
Cl-CI
243
199
C-S
259
181
0-S
265
151
P-F
490
156
Cl-Br
215
214
C-F
453
133
0-F
190
142
P-CI
331
204
CI-I
208
243
C-CI
339
177
0-CI
203
164
P-Br
272
222
Br-Br
193
228
С—Вг
276
194
0-Br
234
172
P-I
184
246
Br-I
175
248
C-I
216
213
0-I
234
194
I–I
151
266
Multiple Bonds
C=C
614
134
N=N
418
122
C=C
839
121
N=N
945
10
C=N
615
127
N=0
607
120
C=N
891
115
N=0
631
106
O,
C=0
745
123
498
121
C=0
1070
113
(799 in CO,)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F805df41e-b889-4c16-a267-318b4eb3cf21%2F588b2fa5-97fd-492b-94d5-e66829892605%2Fsrsvkp_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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