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calculate Contour Interval (CI) for Fig 10 B, C, D Map B: CI= ...................................................... Map C: CI= ............................................................ Map D: CI= ..........................................................

calculate Contour Interval (CI) for Fig 10 B, C, D Map B: CI= ...................................................... Map C: CI= ............................................................ Map D: CI= ..........................................................

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
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calculate Contour Interval (CI) for Fig 10 B, C, D

Map B: CI= ......................................................
Map C: CI= ............................................................
Map D: CI= ..........................................................

**Educational Content on Contour Lines** **Understanding Closed Lines and Contour Lines:** 8. **Closed Lines with Hachures:** - Short lines pointing toward the centers of the closures (i.e., pointing downslope) represent closed depressions. - **Image Explanation:** The diagram shows a closed depression, like a lake or dry lake, with hachures pointing inward towards the center. 9. **Contour Line Interaction with River Valleys:** - When a contour line crosses a river valley, it curves (V-shape) upstream. This occurs because the central part of the valley is lower than the banks, necessitating the contour line to maintain its elevation while crossing. - **Image Explanation:** The diagram depicts contour lines curving upstream as they cross a river, with a clear indication of the direction of the downstream slope. **Homework Questions:** 1. Refer to Hamblin & Howard's Lab book (p. 87-90, or p. 81, 82 in the old edition) to calculate the Contour Interval (CI) for Figures 10 B, C, D. **Example Calculation:** - For Figure 10, A: CI = (1600ft - 1500ft) / 5 intervals = 100ft / 5 = 20ft - **Map B, C, D:** - Map B: CI = ...................................................... - Map C: CI = ...................................................... - Map D: CI = ...................................................... **Additional Questions for Map E (CI = 20ft):** a) How many closed depressions can you count on the map? ... b) How many hills can you count on the map? ... This content provides foundational knowledge on how to interpret contour lines and calculate contour intervals, emphasizing practical understanding through homework exercises.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Content on Contour Lines** **Understanding Closed Lines and Contour Lines:** 8. **Closed Lines with Hachures:** - Short lines pointing toward the centers of the closures (i.e., pointing downslope) represent closed depressions. - **Image Explanation:** The diagram shows a closed depression, like a lake or dry lake, with hachures pointing inward towards the center. 9. **Contour Line Interaction with River Valleys:** - When a contour line crosses a river valley, it curves (V-shape) upstream. This occurs because the central part of the valley is lower than the banks, necessitating the contour line to maintain its elevation while crossing. - **Image Explanation:** The diagram depicts contour lines curving upstream as they cross a river, with a clear indication of the direction of the downstream slope. **Homework Questions:** 1. Refer to Hamblin & Howard's Lab book (p. 87-90, or p. 81, 82 in the old edition) to calculate the Contour Interval (CI) for Figures 10 B, C, D. **Example Calculation:** - For Figure 10, A: CI = (1600ft - 1500ft) / 5 intervals = 100ft / 5 = 20ft - **Map B, C, D:** - Map B: CI = ...................................................... - Map C: CI = ...................................................... - Map D: CI = ...................................................... **Additional Questions for Map E (CI = 20ft):** a) How many closed depressions can you count on the map? ... b) How many hills can you count on the map? ... This content provides foundational knowledge on how to interpret contour lines and calculate contour intervals, emphasizing practical understanding through homework exercises.
**Characteristics of Contours** Learning to read contour maps effectively is not an easy task. Nature has few lines reminiscent of contour lines, and the visualization of a three-dimensional surface represented only by contours requires careful study and practice. After some training, however, you should be able to visualize the landscape represented by a contour map. You will obtain more quantitative information from a contour map than from any other type of map or image. The following basic rules will help you get started: **A.** The difference in elevation between adjacent contours is constant on any given map and is referred to as the contour interval, or CI. The most frequently used contour intervals on 7½-min and 15-min quadrangles is 20 ft. **B.** Contour lines trend up a valley, cross the stream, and extend down the valley on the opposite side. The lines thus form a V pattern, with the apex of the V pointing upstream. **C.** Contours never cross or divide. They may appear to merge to express a vertical cliff, but in reality they are stacked one on top of another and only appear to touch. The spacing of contour lines reflects the gradient, or slope. Closely spaced contours represent steep slopes. Contours spaced far apart represent gentle slopes. **D.** Hills and knobs are shown as closed contours. **E.** Closed depressions (basins without outlets) are shown by closed contours with hachures (short lines) pointing downslope. **FIGURE 7.10** Characteristics of Contour Lines --- The accompanying diagrams illustrate different aspects of contour lines: 1. **Diagram A:** Shows a series of contour lines with a consistent interval highlighting a peak at 1500 ft. 2. **Diagram B:** Illustrates how contour lines form a V shape when crossing a stream, with the apex pointing upstream. 3. **Diagram C:** Demonstrates contours appearing to merge to form a vertical cliff, while actually indicating a slope. 4. **Diagram D:** Depicts closed contours representing a hill or a knob. 5. **Diagram E:** Shows closed contours with hachures indicating a depression or basin without an outlet. These visual examples are crucial for understanding how contour lines represent elevations and landforms on a topographic map.
Transcribed Image Text:**Characteristics of Contours** Learning to read contour maps effectively is not an easy task. Nature has few lines reminiscent of contour lines, and the visualization of a three-dimensional surface represented only by contours requires careful study and practice. After some training, however, you should be able to visualize the landscape represented by a contour map. You will obtain more quantitative information from a contour map than from any other type of map or image. The following basic rules will help you get started: **A.** The difference in elevation between adjacent contours is constant on any given map and is referred to as the contour interval, or CI. The most frequently used contour intervals on 7½-min and 15-min quadrangles is 20 ft. **B.** Contour lines trend up a valley, cross the stream, and extend down the valley on the opposite side. The lines thus form a V pattern, with the apex of the V pointing upstream. **C.** Contours never cross or divide. They may appear to merge to express a vertical cliff, but in reality they are stacked one on top of another and only appear to touch. The spacing of contour lines reflects the gradient, or slope. Closely spaced contours represent steep slopes. Contours spaced far apart represent gentle slopes. **D.** Hills and knobs are shown as closed contours. **E.** Closed depressions (basins without outlets) are shown by closed contours with hachures (short lines) pointing downslope. **FIGURE 7.10** Characteristics of Contour Lines --- The accompanying diagrams illustrate different aspects of contour lines: 1. **Diagram A:** Shows a series of contour lines with a consistent interval highlighting a peak at 1500 ft. 2. **Diagram B:** Illustrates how contour lines form a V shape when crossing a stream, with the apex pointing upstream. 3. **Diagram C:** Demonstrates contours appearing to merge to form a vertical cliff, while actually indicating a slope. 4. **Diagram D:** Depicts closed contours representing a hill or a knob. 5. **Diagram E:** Shows closed contours with hachures indicating a depression or basin without an outlet. These visual examples are crucial for understanding how contour lines represent elevations and landforms on a topographic map.
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