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Calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and germanium (Ge) are elements in the fourth period of the Periodic Table. All elements form 2+ cations. Ca2+ has a radius of 114 pm, Mn2+ has a radius of 81 pm, and Ge2+ has a radius of 87 pm. a) Write the electron configuration for Ca2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. b) Write the electron configuration for Mn2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. c) Write the electron configuration for Ge2* using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. d) Explain the radius size trend for these three ions. (2-3 sentences)

Calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and germanium (Ge) are elements in the fourth period of the Periodic Table. All elements form 2+ cations. Ca2+ has a radius of 114 pm, Mn2+ has a radius of 81 pm, and Ge2+ has a radius of 87 pm. a) Write the electron configuration for Ca2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. b) Write the electron configuration for Mn2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. c) Write the electron configuration for Ge2* using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. d) Explain the radius size trend for these three ions. (2-3 sentences)

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and germanium (Ge) are elements in the fourth period of the Periodic Table. All elements form 2+ cations. Ca2+ has a radius of 114 pm, Mn2+ has a radius of 81 pm, and Ge2+ has a radius of 87 pm. a) Write the electron configuration for Ca2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. b) Write the electron configuration for Mn2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. c) Write the electron configuration for Ge2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. d) Explain the radius size trend for these three ions. (2-3 sentences)
Transcribed Image Text:Calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and germanium (Ge) are elements in the fourth period of the Periodic Table. All elements form 2+ cations. Ca2+ has a radius of 114 pm, Mn2+ has a radius of 81 pm, and Ge2+ has a radius of 87 pm. a) Write the electron configuration for Ca2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. b) Write the electron configuration for Mn2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. c) Write the electron configuration for Ge2+ using the condensed noble gas notation. Identify which orbitals lose electrons to yield the 2+ cation. d) Explain the radius size trend for these three ions. (2-3 sentences)
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