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Consider an economy described by the following equations.
Y=C+I+G
C=100+.75(Y−T)
I=500−50r
G=125
T=100
Where: Y is
Question:
In this case, explain the policy that was used by the policymaker to target the aggregate demand.
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- Considering the formula for Aggregate Demand (Also known as the product market) answer the following question:Name two macroeconomic variables (from this formula) that decline when the economy goes into recession, and explain why this happens?Name one macroeconomic variable (from this formula) that rises during a recession, and explain why this happens?A number of macroeconomic variables decline during recessions. One of these variables is the GDP. What other variables, besides real GDP, tend to decline during recessions? Given the definition of real GDP and its components, explain the declines in these economic variables which are to be expected. Empirical studies indicate that the long-run trend in real GDP of the USA has an upward trend. How is this possible given business cycles and macroeconomic fluctuations? What factors explain the upward trend in spite of the cycles?If the economy had been operating at a full- employment equilibrium, a. Describe the macroeconomic equilibrium after the rise in consumer spending. b. Explain and draw a graph to illustrate how the economy can adjust in the long run to restore a full-employment equilibrium. The magazine Women of China reported that Chinese women in big cities spent 63% of their income on consumer goods last year, up from a meager 26% in 2007. Clothing accounted for the biggest chunk of that spending, at nearly 30%, followed by digital products such as cell phones and cameras (11%) and travel (10%). Chinese consumption as a whole grew faster than the overall economy in the first half of the year and is expected to reach 42% of GDP by 2020, up from the current 36%.
- Consider the table on the right, which shows business investment in inventories for each quarter from the first quarter of 2007 to the first quarter of 2012, measured in millions of 2007 dollars. Provide a macroeconomic explanation for this pattern. (Hint: When did the recession during this period begin and end?) The negative growth of inventories indicates a period of OA. inflation since inventories needed to be reduced in the face of increasing storage cost OB. recession because demand was met by drawing down past inventories and production did not increase. OC. recovery since inventories needed to be used to meet demand. OD. recession because inventories increased due to lack of demand Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Quarter Q1 308889 Q2 Q3 Q4 R288828 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 228892889 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Inventory Investment (millions of 2007 dollars) $3360 - 2822 15,570 19,644 6061 9512 11,856 4699 -2364 7779 -4807 - 4807 2663 2508 4841 -6805 8965 12,153 6462 2179 2061 7298 14,091 3875…Using a macroeconomics demand/supply analysis, where do you think current output is relative to what the economy is capable of producing? Look at recent trends in the data. What are the recent trends in the components of aggregate demand (consumption spending, investment spending, government purchases, and exports and imports?The equations below describe the aggregate demand of an economy. There are neither a flow of goods and services nor capital across borders of this country. Y=C +I +G………. (1) C=Co+C(Y^d)……. (2) Y^d= Y-T…………. (3) T=t(Y) ……………. (4) I=Io+I(r)………… (5) G=Go……………... (6) M=PL(r,Y)……… (7) where Y is gross real domestic product, C is aggregate consumption expenditure by households, I is aggregate investment expenditure by firms, is government purchases of goods and services, Y^d is disposable personal income, and T is total income tax payments to government by…
- The equations below describe the aggregate demand of an economy. There are neither a flow of goods and services nor capital across borders of this country. Y=C +I +G………. (1) C=Co+C(Y^d)……. (2) Y^d= Y-T…………. (3) T=t(Y) ……………. (4) I=Io+I(r)………… (5) G=Go……………... (6) M=PL(r,Y)……… (7) where Y is gross real domestic product, C is aggregate consumption expenditure by households, I is aggregate investment expenditure by firms, is government purchases of goods and services, Y^d is disposable personal income, and T is total income tax payments to government by…The following graph shows several aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves for an economy whose potential output is $5 trillion. The curves are labelled a, b, c, and d. Three points on the graph are also indicated by grey stars and labelled K, L, and M. 100 90 80 M. 70 60 50 b 40 30 a 20 2 3 4 5 6 7 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) Identify which curve on the previous graph corresponds to each description in the following table. If the curve described does not appear on the graph choose Not Shown. Description b Not Shown a Long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) when the economy is at long-run equilibrium Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) when there is an inflationary gap Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) when there is a recessionary gap Aggregate demand (AD) PRICE LE VELeconomics Consider a goods market equilibrium (The aggregate expenditure model) in a closed economy a) Equationally and graphically (using the graph above) show (define) a goods market equilibrium b) Explain which factor changes the slope of the ZZ(or D, demand) curve and which factors shift the ZZ curve c) Suppose that marginal propensity to consume is equal to 0.8. Explain how much an increase in government spending 500 million of dollars raises real output and why output increases more than government spending?
- Explain, in detail, how the adjustment to macroeconomic equilibrium occurs when spending is less than production. Be sure to discuss how inventories play a crucial role in the adjustment process. State what happens to GDP and employment during the adjustment process.Suppose you are given the following information about an economy: Short run Aggregate Supply: SRAS = Y = 5000r+ 14,400 Long run Aggregate Supply: Aggregate Demand: Investment Spending: Consumption Spending: Government Spending: Net Exports (eX – iM): LRAS = Y* = 25,000 AD = Y=C+I+G+NX_ I = 4000 – 250r C = 1000 +0.75(Y – T) G = 2000 NX = 500 Taxes – Transfers: T = 2400 Monetary Policy: Money Demand: Money Market equilibrium: Fisher equation: where i is the nominal interest rate (i.e. when the interest rate is 7%, it means i= 7) r = 2 n м 3 20,000- 2000i M$ = MD i = r+T e. Find the short run equilibrium level of real GDP (Y), and inflation rate (t), in the short run. What is the output gap in the economy? Is it an expansionary or recessionary gap?Consider an economy described by the following set of equations: c = 120 +0.08Y I = 320 G = 480 X-IM = -80 T = 400 a. Find the actual level of GDP. b. If full employment comes at Y = 1000, would there be a recessionary gap or an inflationary gap? c. What spending changes will be necessary to eliminate this gap? d. What amount of tax changes will be necessary to eliminate this gap? e. What are some policies action that can be taken.