C. Vestigial structures 34. The forelimbs of humans, horses, cats, and bats are considered to be modifications of anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor. Which of the following are these structures referred to as? A. Analogous structures B. Homologous structures C. Vestigial structures 35. In humans, wisdom teeth and the appendix as well as wings on flightless birds are representations of structures with little to no functional use. Which of the following are these structures referred to as? A. Analogous structures B. Homologous structures C. Vestigial structures 36. Which of the following relies on the study of embryos as evidence of evolution? A. Comparative anatomy B. Comparative biochemistry ► C. Comparative embryology (Evo-devo!) D. The fossil record
Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs
Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.
Sensory Receptors
The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.
![### Introduction to Evolutionary Biology
Understanding the similarities and differences among various anatomical structures provides insights into the process of evolution. The following multiple-choice questions highlight critical concepts in evolutionary biology related to anatomical structures and embryology.
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#### Question 34
The forelimbs of humans, horses, cats, and bats are considered to be modifications of anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor. Which of the following are these structures referred to as?
- A. Analogous structures
- B. Homologous structures
- C. Vestigial structures
*[Explanation: Homologous structures are anatomical features that resemble each other in different species because they evolved from a common ancestor, despite potentially serving different functions.*]
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#### Question 35
In humans, wisdom teeth and the appendix as well as wings on flightless birds are representations of structures with little to no functional use. Which of the following are these structures referred to as?
- A. Analogous structures
- B. Homologous structures
- C. Vestigial structures
*[Explanation: Vestigial structures are remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor but are now reduced and/or have no significant function.*]
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#### Question 36
Which of the following relies on the study of embryos as evidence of evolution?
- A. Comparative anatomy
- B. Comparative biochemistry
- C. Comparative embryology (Evo-devo!)
- D. The fossil record
*[Explanation: Comparative embryology involves comparing embryos of different species to understand how developmental processes evolved and to trace the origins of certain anatomical structures.*]
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*By studying these questions and answers, students can gain a better understanding of how evolutionary biology explains the development and adaptation of species over time.*](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F50dd4ec9-8a34-4494-b9fb-06a2c0c54c3b%2F3d8fe61a-615d-4a6c-a746-365a44909975%2Ftkixpp_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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