(c) Prove that 0 · Pn(0) +1· Pn(1) +2• Pn(2) +3· Pn(3)+...+n· Pn(n) = n! for all positive integers n.

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Consider all n! permutations of the set {1,2, 3, ..., n}.
We say that a number i is a fixed point of a permutation if i appears in the ith position.
For example, if n =
and {1,2,3} has three fixed points.
3, the permutation {2,3, 1} has zero fixed points, {3, 2, 1} has one fixed point,
Let Pn (k) be the number of permutations of {1,2, 3,..., n} that have exactly k fixed points.
For example, we have p3(0) = 2, p3(1) = 3, p3(2) = 0, and p3(3) = 1.
Transcribed Image Text:Consider all n! permutations of the set {1,2, 3, ..., n}. We say that a number i is a fixed point of a permutation if i appears in the ith position. For example, if n = and {1,2,3} has three fixed points. 3, the permutation {2,3, 1} has zero fixed points, {3, 2, 1} has one fixed point, Let Pn (k) be the number of permutations of {1,2, 3,..., n} that have exactly k fixed points. For example, we have p3(0) = 2, p3(1) = 3, p3(2) = 0, and p3(3) = 1.
(c) Prove that 0 · Pn (0) +1· Pn(1) +2· Pn (2) + 3 · Pn (3) +...+n Pn(n) = n! for all positive integers n.
Transcribed Image Text:(c) Prove that 0 · Pn (0) +1· Pn(1) +2· Pn (2) + 3 · Pn (3) +...+n Pn(n) = n! for all positive integers n.
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