c) Is there ever a case where work is not given by the integral in the PV plane? That is, does there exist a case where W + S pdV?
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- Efficiency of reversible engine is maximum. Why?Critically ill patients in a cardiovascular intensive care unit must be intensely monitored for any number of conditions. One of these conditions is hypoperfusion, which is an overall decrease in blood flow throughout the body. Low stroke volume is one indicator of hypoperfusion. The pressure-volume (PV) graph below shows three possible loops for the heart. The control loop shows a healthy heart while the other two loops show reduced or increased preload (assuming that afterload and contractility remain fixed). 200 LV Pressure (mmHg) 100 Preload Control ↑ Preload 100 LV Volume (ml) (a) What is the stroke volume for the control patient? RK '15 200 (b) A healthy heart rate (HR) is measured as 80 beats per minute. What is the control patient's cardiac output CO? Control patient's CO: mL minQ 145. Creating large vacuum leake will cause the short term fuel trim STFT and long term fuel trim LTFT to decrease. T F
- 4. Suppose that a nuclear power plant has an efficiency of about 0.34, and generates 1000 MW of power. It is located on the banks of a major river that is 67 m wide near the plant, approximately 3 m deep, and flows at a rate of 0.5 m/s. Suppose that the plant re-routes all of this water into the plant and dumps its waste heat evenly throughout the water, then returns the warmer water to the river. How much warmer is the river downstream of the plant compared to upstream? Water's specific heat is approximately 4184 J/kg/K, and its density is 1000 kg/m³. [Answer: The water is warmer by 4.62 K. This is a lot warmer!]Which of the following expressions defines the Helmholtz energy in terms of the Gibbs energy and other appropriate thermodynamic quantities? A = G-TS O O O O O A = G + PV A = G + PV - TS A = G-PV + TS A = G-PV A = G + TS