(a) In testing hypotheses, which of the following would be strong evidence against the null hypothesis? A. Using a small level of significance. B. Obtaining data with a large P -value. C. Obtaining data with a small P -value. D. Using a large level of significance. (b) The P -value of a test of a null hypothesis is A. the probability the null hypothesis is false. B. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is false, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed. C. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.
For each problem, select the best response.
(a) In testing hypotheses, which of the following would be strong evidence against the null hypothesis?
A. Using a small level of significance.
B. Obtaining data with a large P -value.
C. Obtaining data with a small P -value.
D. Using a large level of significance.
(b) The P -value of a test of a null hypothesis is
A. the
B. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is false, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.
C. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.
D. the probability the null hypothesis is true.
(c) In formulating hypotheses for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often
A. 0.05
B. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.
C. a statement that the data are all 0.
D. the probability of observing the data you actually obtained
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(c) In formulating hypotheses for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often
A. 0.05
B. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.
C. a statement that the data are all 0.
D. the probability of observing the data you actually obtained
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