Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:The image shows a list of chemical compounds, each preceded by a radio button, suggesting it is part of a multiple-choice question. The compounds listed are:
1. Pentane
2. Hexane
3. 2-Methylbutane
4. 2,2-Dimethylpropane
5. 2,2-Dimethylbutane
There are no graphs or diagrams included in the image.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding the Systematic (IUPAC) Naming of Alkanes**
**Description:**
The image presents a structural formula of an organic compound, which is a part of the alkane family. The task is to determine the systematic (IUPAC) name for this compound.
**Molecular Structure Details:**
1. **Central Carbon Atom Arrangement:**
- The structure consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.
2. **Alkyl Groups:**
- One of these carbon atoms is bonded to two hydrogen atoms (CH₃), representing a methyl group.
- Another carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms (CH₂).
- The third carbon atom, also a CH₃ group, is attached directly to the central carbon atom.
3. **Chemical Structure Explanation:**
- The compound includes four carbon atoms in total.
- The main carbon chain has three carbon atoms with a single methyl group branching off the second carbon.
**IUPAC Naming Convention:**
Using IUPAC nomenclature rules for alkanes, the longest carbon chain is identified and named, and substituents are assigned numbers based on their position along the chain:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms consists of three carbons, named "propane."
- There is a methyl group (CH₃) attached to the second carbon of the propane chain.
Hence, the compound is named:
**2-Methylpropane**
This name indicates a propane chain with a methyl group substitution at the second carbon. This is also commonly known as isobutane.
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