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(c) Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis and outline a solution procedure (which equations would you write in which order to calculate all of the unknowns on the chart?). (d) Calculate the ratio (mass of makeup water/100 kg steam produced in boiler) and the percentage of the boiler feedwater taken off as blowdown. (e) A proposal has been made to use highly purified water as makeup. List the benefits that would result from doing so and the most likely reason for not doing it.

(c) Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis and outline a solution procedure (which equations would you write in which order to calculate all of the unknowns on the chart?). (d) Calculate the ratio (mass of makeup water/100 kg steam produced in boiler) and the percentage of the boiler feedwater taken off as blowdown. (e) A proposal has been made to use highly purified water as makeup. List the benefits that would result from doing so and the most likely reason for not doing it.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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do part c,d, and e.  For first 2 parts I have uploaded before

(c) Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis and outline a solution procedure (which equations would you write in which order to calculate all of the unknowns on the chart?). (d) Calculate the ratio (mass of makeup water/100 kg steam produced in boiler) and the percentage of the boiler feedwater taken off as blowdown. (e) A proposal has been made to use highly purified water as makeup. List the benefits that would result from doing so and the most likely reason for not doing it.
Transcribed Image Text:(c) Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis and outline a solution procedure (which equations would you write in which order to calculate all of the unknowns on the chart?). (d) Calculate the ratio (mass of makeup water/100 kg steam produced in boiler) and the percentage of the boiler feedwater taken off as blowdown. (e) A proposal has been made to use highly purified water as makeup. List the benefits that would result from doing so and the most likely reason for not doing it.
1. Boilers are used in most chemical plants to generate steam for various purposes, such as to preheat process streams fed to reactors and separation units. In one such process, steam and a cold process fluid are fed to a heat exchanger where enough energy is transferred from the steam to cause a large fraction of it to condense. The uncondensed steam is vented to the atmosphere, and the liquid condensate is recycled to a deaerator into which another liquid stream (makeup water) is fed. The makeup water contains some dissolved impurities and other chemicals that help prevent deposition of solids on boiler walls and heating elements, which would lead to a reduction in operating efficiency and eventually to safety hazards, possibly including explosions. The liquid leaving the deaerator is the feed to the boiler. In the boiler, most of the water in the feed evaporates to form steam, and some of the impurities in the feedwater precipitate to form solid particles suspended in the liquid (kept in suspension by the cher makeup water). The liquid and suspended solids are drawn off as boiler blowdown, either in manual bursts or with a continuous blowdown system. A diagram of the system is shown below. The symbol I is used for combined impurities and chemical additives. The makeup water contains 1.0 kg 1/2.0 x 10° kg H2O, and the ratio in the blowdown is 1.0 kg 1/3.5 x 10 kg H2O. Of the steam fed to the heat exchanger, 76% is condensed. cal additives in the Blowdown Lost steam I kg Kages5x1okg H.O Heat Process duid. T Boiler feedwater I(aq), H.Od) Steam HEAT EXCHANGER DEAERATOR, BOILER Makeup water 10kg V 20x10 kg H.OX) Condensate, HLO)
Transcribed Image Text:1. Boilers are used in most chemical plants to generate steam for various purposes, such as to preheat process streams fed to reactors and separation units. In one such process, steam and a cold process fluid are fed to a heat exchanger where enough energy is transferred from the steam to cause a large fraction of it to condense. The uncondensed steam is vented to the atmosphere, and the liquid condensate is recycled to a deaerator into which another liquid stream (makeup water) is fed. The makeup water contains some dissolved impurities and other chemicals that help prevent deposition of solids on boiler walls and heating elements, which would lead to a reduction in operating efficiency and eventually to safety hazards, possibly including explosions. The liquid leaving the deaerator is the feed to the boiler. In the boiler, most of the water in the feed evaporates to form steam, and some of the impurities in the feedwater precipitate to form solid particles suspended in the liquid (kept in suspension by the cher makeup water). The liquid and suspended solids are drawn off as boiler blowdown, either in manual bursts or with a continuous blowdown system. A diagram of the system is shown below. The symbol I is used for combined impurities and chemical additives. The makeup water contains 1.0 kg 1/2.0 x 10° kg H2O, and the ratio in the blowdown is 1.0 kg 1/3.5 x 10 kg H2O. Of the steam fed to the heat exchanger, 76% is condensed. cal additives in the Blowdown Lost steam I kg Kages5x1okg H.O Heat Process duid. T Boiler feedwater I(aq), H.Od) Steam HEAT EXCHANGER DEAERATOR, BOILER Makeup water 10kg V 20x10 kg H.OX) Condensate, HLO)
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