Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Reaction of Acid Chloride with Ammonia**
In this chemical reaction diagram, we begin with an acid chloride, specifically 2-chloropropanoyl chloride (displayed on the left). The structural formula of the initial compound is:
\[ \text{CH}_3-\text{CHCl}-\text{C(=O)}\text{-Cl} \]
This compound undergoes a reaction with ammonia (NH₃), which is depicted as an arrow pointing towards a blank box on the right, indicating the formation of a new product.
**Steps of the Reaction:**
1. **Starting Material:**
- 2-Chloropropanoyl chloride (CH₃-CHCl-COCl)
2. **Reagent:**
- Ammonia (NH₃)
3. **Reaction Details:**
- The carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to the chlorine (Cl) is highly electrophilic.
- Ammonia (NH₃) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon.
- This reaction leads to the substitution of the chlorine atom by an amino group (NH₂), yielding an amide as the final product.
The final product that forms here is 2-chloropropanamide (CH₃-CHCl-CONH₂).
**Diagram Explanation:**
The left side shows the structural formula of the starting material (2-chloropropanoyl chloride). The arrow with the label "NH₃" points towards an empty box, which signifies the product that will be formed after the reaction with ammonia. This educational representation is typical when teaching students about the nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions in organic chemistry.
Understanding this transformation is crucial as it illustrates how acid chlorides react with ammonia to form amides, which are important functional groups in organic synthesis and biochemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F30c2e2f2-e45c-41de-86ef-a25e36084e76%2F1f159add-a408-4002-9b1e-196eba8f8abf%2F4tbcwo.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Reaction of Acid Chloride with Ammonia**
In this chemical reaction diagram, we begin with an acid chloride, specifically 2-chloropropanoyl chloride (displayed on the left). The structural formula of the initial compound is:
\[ \text{CH}_3-\text{CHCl}-\text{C(=O)}\text{-Cl} \]
This compound undergoes a reaction with ammonia (NH₃), which is depicted as an arrow pointing towards a blank box on the right, indicating the formation of a new product.
**Steps of the Reaction:**
1. **Starting Material:**
- 2-Chloropropanoyl chloride (CH₃-CHCl-COCl)
2. **Reagent:**
- Ammonia (NH₃)
3. **Reaction Details:**
- The carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to the chlorine (Cl) is highly electrophilic.
- Ammonia (NH₃) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon.
- This reaction leads to the substitution of the chlorine atom by an amino group (NH₂), yielding an amide as the final product.
The final product that forms here is 2-chloropropanamide (CH₃-CHCl-CONH₂).
**Diagram Explanation:**
The left side shows the structural formula of the starting material (2-chloropropanoyl chloride). The arrow with the label "NH₃" points towards an empty box, which signifies the product that will be formed after the reaction with ammonia. This educational representation is typical when teaching students about the nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions in organic chemistry.
Understanding this transformation is crucial as it illustrates how acid chlorides react with ammonia to form amides, which are important functional groups in organic synthesis and biochemistry.
Expert Solution
Step 1
Since the N in NH3 has a lone pair electron and the carbon in the reactant which is making bonds with Cl and O is having partial +ve charge due to bonding with electronegative atoms O and Cl
hence the lone pair on N will attack on C and remove the Cl forming the product.
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