Briefly explain why the following statements are either TRUE or FALSE: a. Perfectly competitive firms can never earn economic profit. b. Perfectly competitive firms seek to maximize both per-unit and total profit. c. Sometimes, profit-maximization is the same as loss-minimization. d. Long-run market supply curves are always upward-sloping.
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- a perfectly competitive market over the long run, a. an increase in market demand or a decrease in firms' costs will lead to a decrease in the number of firms operating within the market. b. an improvement in production technology will increase profits at fust, but those profits will be competed away over time as more firms enter the industry and reduce market price. c. market price will equal maximum possible average total cost in long-run equilibrium. d. an increase in demand will cause the final market equilibrium to be at the original price but at a lower output level.A. If a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market doubles the amount it sells, what happens to the price of its output and its total revenue? B. How does a competitive firm determine its profit-maximizing level of output? When does a competitive firm decide to temporarily shut down in the short run? Explain, using the concepts of marginal cost, marginal revenue, price, and average variable cost.Which of the following offers the best explanation of why “marginal revenue equals marginal cost” is the rule that indicates the profit-maximizing output level? a. If output were reduced from the profit-maximizing level, then the firm would be gaining marginal revenue that exceeds marginal cost, and thus increasing the level of profit. b. The marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost at all levels of output for a perfectly competitive firm. c. If output were increased from the profit-maximizing level, then the firm would be gaining marginal revenue that is less than the marginal cost incurred in producing this additional unit, and thus reducing the level of profit. d. Because the firm colludes with other similar firms to set price equal to marginal cost.
- A perfectly competitive industry with constant costs initially operates in long-run equilibrium. When demand increases: A. in the long and short runs, prices and profits will be lower relative to what they were before the demand increase. B. in the short run, prices and profits will be higher, but in the long run, price will fall back to its original level and firms will again earn zero economic profit. C. in the short run, prices and profits will fall, but in the long run, price will rise back to its initial level, as will profits. D. in the long and short runs, prices and profits will be higher relative to what they were before the demand increase.Which of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. If a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market is making an economic profit, then it must be producing at a level of output where price is greater than average total cost. Ob. The presence of positive economic profit in a perfectly competitive market is consistent with the characteristics of a long-run competitive equilibrium. c. When firms in a perfectly competitive market incur economic losses, some will exit in the long run, thereby shifting the industry supply curve rightward. Od. If a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market is incurring an economic loss, then it must be producing at a level of output where price is greater than average total cost.Which of the below changes in demand in the long-run would lead to entry in the perfectly competitive market for wheat? a. a decrease in the number of buyers b. a decrease in buyers' expected price of wheat c. an increase in income (wheat is a normal good) d. both a) and b) would lead to long-run entry in perfect competition
- Consider a perfectly competitive market that was in a long-run equilibrium when a permanent increase in demand occurs. Which of the following will occur as a result? i. The existing firms will start to earn an economic profit. ii. New firms will be motivated to enter the market. iii. Some firms that cannot meet the new demand will exit the market. A) i and ii only B) ii and ii only C) i and iii D) ii only E) i, ii and iiIn the short run, perfectly (or purely) competitive firms will maximize their profit by producing (select all options that apply): a. a quantity where marginal revenue > marginal cost. b. the quantity where marginal revenue = marginal cost. c. the largest quantity possible, not considering costs or revenues. d. a small quantity to drive up the price. e. the quantity where price equals marginal cost. f. none of the above are correct.Which of the following is a reason why firms in a perfectly competitive market have no influence over price? a.Buyers and sellers lack perfect information about the product and pricing. b.All firms in the market sell identical products. c.Barriers exist to enter the market. d.There are many sellers that produce similar, but not identical, products..
- Q. Suppose the book-printing industry is competitive and begins in long-run equilibrium. a. Draw a diagram describing the typical firm in the industry. b. Hi-Tech Printing Company invents a new process that sharply reduces the cost of printing books. What happens to Hi-Tech’s profits and the price of books in the short run when Hi-Tech’s patent prevents other firms from using new technology? c. What happens in the long run when the patent expires and other firms are free to use the technology?If existing competitive firms are incurring economic losses, which of the following will happen as the market moves toward long-run equilibrium, ceteris paribus? Answers: A. Lower equilibrium price and greater equilibrium quantity. B. Higher equilibrium price and smaller equilibrium quantity. C. Lower equilibrium price and smaller equilibrium quantity. D. Higher equilibrium price and greater equilibrium quantity.Explain in detail how purely competitive markets, in the long-run, know how to adjust to and provide the correct output, at the correct price. Give an example of a good or service you might buy that is closest to being in a purely competitive market. Explain your logic.