**Title: Storage and Format of User Passwords in a Typical Linux System****Description:**In a typical Linux system, user passwords are securely stored in a specific file and format. Here is a brief explanation:**Location:**User passwords are stored in the `/etc/shadow` file. This file is readable only by the root user to ensure the security of the passwords.**Format:**Each entry in the `/etc/shadow` file corresponds to a user, and it contains several fields separated by colons. The second field in each entry usually contains the hashed password. Here is an example format of an entry in the `/etc/shadow` file:```username:$id$salt$hashed_password:...```- `username`: The user's login name.- `id`: An identifier that specifies the hashing algorithm used.- `salt`: A random value added to the password before hashing to ensure that identical passwords do not result in the same hash.- `hashed_password`: The hashed version of the user's password.By storing hashed passwords instead of plain-text passwords, the system enhances security, making it more difficult for attackers to decipher user passwords even if they gain access to the `/etc/shadow` file.

Answered: Briefly explain where and in what…

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Briefly explain where and in what format user passwords are stored in a typical Linux system.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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Question

**Title: Storage and Format of User Passwords in a Typical Linux System**

**Description:**
In a typical Linux system, user passwords are securely stored in a specific file and format. Here is a brief explanation:

**Location:**
User passwords are stored in the `/etc/shadow` file. This file is readable only by the root user to ensure the security of the passwords.

**Format:**
Each entry in the `/etc/shadow` file corresponds to a user, and it contains several fields separated by colons. The second field in each entry usually contains the hashed password. Here is an example format of an entry in the `/etc/shadow` file:

```
username:$id$salt$hashed_password:...
```

- `username`: The user's login name.
- `id`: An identifier that specifies the hashing algorithm used.
- `salt`: A random value added to the password before hashing to ensure that identical passwords do not result in the same hash.
- `hashed_password`: The hashed version of the user's password.

By storing hashed passwords instead of plain-text passwords, the system enhances security, making it more difficult for attackers to decipher user passwords even if they gain access to the `/etc/shadow` file.

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