Briefly describe how the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) causes immunodeficiency associated with the development of Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Q: Identify and describe important targeted ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes)

A: Interferons stimulated genes are the genes which are stimulated when a particular pathogen specially…

Q: Over the past year we have endured the Covid-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence suggests that the…

A: Immmune system is a very important tool for fighting off the infection. The main features of immune…

Q: What are the preventions of AIDS?

A: Human immunodeficiency virus is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human…

Q: What types of interferons are activated by viruses at the earliest stages of infection?

A: Often microbes attack our body and diseases may be caused whenever the immunity becomes weak

Q: A recently emerged virus has been transmitting and mutating rapidly in humans throughout the world.…

A: * Viruses can transmit and replicate faster and can multiply their genome within seconds if host is…

Q: Which antibody type description among A-D is falsely characterized? A) OIGA: form dimers; prevent…

A: All antibodies are secreted by the B-cells.  Antibodies are classified into 5 main classes i.e IgG,…

Q: Given what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity.…

A: The retrovirus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) preferentially attacks and kills CD4+ T…

Q: Explain : Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages

A: Vpr means viral protein R and it is a HIV  gene and protein product. This gene is responsible for…

Q: The attached image has the following Newick format: ((HIV-1 retropepsin:0.67441,(HIV-2…

A: Newick tree format is a phylogenetic tree format that can be used to analyze species relationships…

Q: Explain why it is not possible for someone to contract a disease through a vaccine, but still have…

A: Vaccine-  A vaccine is defined as any substance which is used to stimulate the production of…

Q: hich of the four major structural proteins, namely spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E), is the…

A: Details about Targets , frequency and durability of coronavirus vaccine is given below with…

Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.

A: There are certain drugs  which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…

Q: There is a variety of organs routinely transplanted in clinical  medicine. Knowing that organ…

A: A  medical procedure that includes transferring the tissue or an organ from one person's…

Q: A pathogenesis function f(t)t(t-21)(t + 1) is used to model the development of the disease, where t…

A:

Q: Identify the virus responsible for adult T-cell leukemia.

A: Adult T-cell leukemia is a mature T- cell malignancy,  characterized by organomegaly, hypercalcemia…

Q: An adaptive immune response underlying coeliac disease pathogenesis involves:       a)  Production…

A: Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the intestine and lead to inflammations. When…

Q: Describe Class I MHC pathway of antigen processing and presentation. Highlight the functions of the…

A: The process by which foreign antigens are displayed on MHC, or major histocompatibility complex…

Q: The effector mechanisms that are recruited to clear an infection depend on the infectious agent.  In…

A: The immune system of a human being is concerned with the immune response towards the foreign…

Q: Briefly define the set of terms and explain how they relate to one another: MHC, HLA, Haplotype

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.