Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:This image depicts a two-step bromination reaction mechanism involving a cyclohexene molecule and bromine (\( \text{Br}_2 \)).
**First Diagram:**
- A cyclohexene molecule is represented with a double bond.
- A bromine molecule is shown approaching the double bond.
- Two curved arrows indicate the electron movement: one from the double bond to one of the bromine atoms, and another from the bromine-bromine bond to the opposite bromine atom.
**Second Diagram:**
- The result of the electrophilic addition is shown.
- A cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed, where the bromine is bonded to two carbon atoms, creating a three-membered ring.
- The bromine now carries a positive charge (\( \text{Br}^+ \)).
- The negatively charged bromide ion (\( \text{Br}^- \)) is shown with a lone pair, prepared to open the bromonium ring.
- A curved arrow shows the lone pair of the bromide ion attacking the more substituted carbon of the bromonium ion.
This reaction forms part of a typical mechanism for the electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes, illustrating how bromine adds across a carbon-carbon double bond.
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