(Bonus) Deafness and hearing loss are a widespread issue. According to WHO, currently more than 1.5 billion people (nearly 20% of the global population) live with hearing loss. From what you learned about our auditory system, briefly explain what would happen to hearing in each of the following scenarios. (a) the tectorial membrane can't hold its position and is pushing onto the auditory hair cells constantly. (b) the auditory hair cells near the base of the cochlea are damaged and dead. (c) the endolymph potassium concentration is lower than normal. (d) the perilymph potassium concentration is lower than normal.
Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs
Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.
Sensory Receptors
The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.
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