**Boiling Point and Intermolecular Forces**Boiling point is directly related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between each molecule. In a liquid sample of n-butanol, there are three different intermolecular forces present:1. **Hydrogen Bonding**: This is a strong intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen, interacts with another electronegative atom. In n-butanol, hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group (-OH) and the oxygen of neighboring molecules.2. **Dipole-Dipole Interactions**: These occur between molecules that have permanent dipoles. The polar nature of the n-butanol molecule leads to dipole-dipole interactions, contributing to its overall intermolecular forces.3. **London Dispersion Forces**: These are weaker forces present in all molecules, arising from temporary dipoles as electrons move around the nucleus. They are the only type of forces acting between nonpolar molecules.Among these, **hydrogen bonding** is the strongest intermolecular force present in n-butanol, significantly influencing its boiling point.

The structural formula of n-butanol is CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-H.

Boiling point is directly related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between each molecule. Describe three different intermolecular forces that are present in a liquid sample of n-butanol. Which of these intermolecular forces is strongest?

Boiling point is directly related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between each molecule. Describe three different intermolecular forces that are present in a liquid sample of n-butanol. Which of these intermolecular forces is strongest?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

**Boiling Point and Intermolecular Forces**

Boiling point is directly related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between each molecule. In a liquid sample of n-butanol, there are three different intermolecular forces present:

1. **Hydrogen Bonding**: This is a strong intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen, interacts with another electronegative atom. In n-butanol, hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group (-OH) and the oxygen of neighboring molecules.

2. **Dipole-Dipole Interactions**: These occur between molecules that have permanent dipoles. The polar nature of the n-butanol molecule leads to dipole-dipole interactions, contributing to its overall intermolecular forces.

3. **London Dispersion Forces**: These are weaker forces present in all molecules, arising from temporary dipoles as electrons move around the nucleus. They are the only type of forces acting between nonpolar molecules.

Among these, **hydrogen bonding** is the strongest intermolecular force present in n-butanol, significantly influencing its boiling point.

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