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BM 1 STA BM 1 BM 1 El.- 100.00 X 4.683 HI == Benchmark El.- 100.0 IP#1 BS Existing Building TP 1 5.812' Calculate the elevation at 'top of concrete'. TP#1 HI elevation (Not to scale.) 3.169 HI = A₂ IP#2 FS 3.94 Instrument location TP BM 2 X Final rod position Final rod positions 7-Top of concrete El. BM 2 100.00

BM 1 STA BM 1 BM 1 El.- 100.00 X 4.683 HI == Benchmark El.- 100.0 IP#1 BS Existing Building TP 1 5.812' Calculate the elevation at 'top of concrete'. TP#1 HI elevation (Not to scale.) 3.169 HI = A₂ IP#2 FS 3.94 Instrument location TP BM 2 X Final rod position Final rod positions 7-Top of concrete El. BM 2 100.00

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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### Understanding Elevation Calculations in Surveying #### Diagram Explanation: The provided diagram illustrates a surveying process to determine the elevation of a specific point referred to as the "Top of Concrete." The layout consists of a site with an existing building and two benchmarks (BM 1 and BM 2). These benchmarks are crucial reference points in leveling tasks. **Key Elements:** - **BM 1:** Benchmark 1 with an elevation (El.) of 100.00 feet. - **Instrument Locations (Blue Stars):** Represent the positions where the leveling instrument is set up. - **Turning Points (TP):** Denoted by blue circles, these are temporary reference points used in a leveling operation. - **Intermediate Points (IP):** Indicate additional measurement locations. - **Final Rod Positions:** Mark the location where the final elevation measurement is taken. **Elevation Measurements:** - **4.683’**: Measurement from BM 1 to IP#1 - **5.812’**: Measurement from IP#1 to TP#1 - **3.169’**: Measurement from TP#1 to IP#2 - **3.94’**: Measurement from IP#2 to the final rod position at the “Top of Concrete” #### How to Calculate the Elevation at "Top of Concrete": 1. **Determine the HI (Height of Instrument):** - Calculate HI after each backsight (BS) and foresight (FS) level reading by adding or subtracting from known benchmark elevations. 2. **Use the Formula:** - HI = Elevation of the previous point + BS - Elevation of the next point = HI - FS #### Calculation Table: | STA | BS | HI | FS | El. | |------|------|------|------|-------| | BM 1 | | | | 100.00| | | 4.683| | | | | TP 1 | 5.812| | 3.169| | | | | | 3.94 | ? | **Calculate the elevation at ‘top of concrete’ using the above method.**
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Elevation Calculations in Surveying #### Diagram Explanation: The provided diagram illustrates a surveying process to determine the elevation of a specific point referred to as the "Top of Concrete." The layout consists of a site with an existing building and two benchmarks (BM 1 and BM 2). These benchmarks are crucial reference points in leveling tasks. **Key Elements:** - **BM 1:** Benchmark 1 with an elevation (El.) of 100.00 feet. - **Instrument Locations (Blue Stars):** Represent the positions where the leveling instrument is set up. - **Turning Points (TP):** Denoted by blue circles, these are temporary reference points used in a leveling operation. - **Intermediate Points (IP):** Indicate additional measurement locations. - **Final Rod Positions:** Mark the location where the final elevation measurement is taken. **Elevation Measurements:** - **4.683’**: Measurement from BM 1 to IP#1 - **5.812’**: Measurement from IP#1 to TP#1 - **3.169’**: Measurement from TP#1 to IP#2 - **3.94’**: Measurement from IP#2 to the final rod position at the “Top of Concrete” #### How to Calculate the Elevation at "Top of Concrete": 1. **Determine the HI (Height of Instrument):** - Calculate HI after each backsight (BS) and foresight (FS) level reading by adding or subtracting from known benchmark elevations. 2. **Use the Formula:** - HI = Elevation of the previous point + BS - Elevation of the next point = HI - FS #### Calculation Table: | STA | BS | HI | FS | El. | |------|------|------|------|-------| | BM 1 | | | | 100.00| | | 4.683| | | | | TP 1 | 5.812| | 3.169| | | | | | 3.94 | ? | **Calculate the elevation at ‘top of concrete’ using the above method.**
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