c) Glycans (sugars) play an important role in the biology of HIV-both in terms of the amount of glycosylation on the gp120 protein as well as glycosylation of the human cd4 receptor. Below is a graph of HIV infectivity (as shown on the y-axis as virus titer) in human and chimpanzee cells (grown in culture) with various amounts of glycosylation on the cd4 receptor (0 in green, 1in red, and 2 in blue). Each tick on the x-axis represents a different set of cells in culture, each with its own cd4 receptor. i) what does this data show about the role of glycosylation in the HIV-cd4 docking mechanism? ii) what interactions may be altered between gp120 and cd4 with the addition of sugars to cd4? D Virus titer (TDU/mL) 10 HIV-1 Group M subtype B "AC10.0.29" 106 105 104 R40- Human 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chimpanzee allele # 0 glycans in CD4 D1 domain 1 glycan in CD4 D1 domain 2 glycans in CD4 D1 domain d) The gp120 protein on HIV can be glycosylated by several types of sugars to facilitate immune evasion (known as a glycan shield). Why might very small changes in the structure of the sugar (shown below) change the ability of the immune system to recognize the viral protein (in this case, the ability of an antibody [which is a protein] to bind to the gp120 protein)? ASN FA2 (gp120) Varying lengths ASN FA3 (gp120)
c) Glycans (sugars) play an important role in the biology of HIV-both in terms of the amount of glycosylation on the gp120 protein as well as glycosylation of the human cd4 receptor. Below is a graph of HIV infectivity (as shown on the y-axis as virus titer) in human and chimpanzee cells (grown in culture) with various amounts of glycosylation on the cd4 receptor (0 in green, 1in red, and 2 in blue). Each tick on the x-axis represents a different set of cells in culture, each with its own cd4 receptor. i) what does this data show about the role of glycosylation in the HIV-cd4 docking mechanism? ii) what interactions may be altered between gp120 and cd4 with the addition of sugars to cd4? D Virus titer (TDU/mL) 10 HIV-1 Group M subtype B "AC10.0.29" 106 105 104 R40- Human 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chimpanzee allele # 0 glycans in CD4 D1 domain 1 glycan in CD4 D1 domain 2 glycans in CD4 D1 domain d) The gp120 protein on HIV can be glycosylated by several types of sugars to facilitate immune evasion (known as a glycan shield). Why might very small changes in the structure of the sugar (shown below) change the ability of the immune system to recognize the viral protein (in this case, the ability of an antibody [which is a protein] to bind to the gp120 protein)? ASN FA2 (gp120) Varying lengths ASN FA3 (gp120)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Need. help with c and d please, thank you!
Transcribed Image Text:c) Glycans (sugars) play an important role in the biology of HIV-both in terms of the
amount of glycosylation on the gp120 protein as well as glycosylation of the human
cd4 receptor. Below is a graph of HIV infectivity (as shown on the y-axis as virus
titer) in human and chimpanzee cells (grown in culture) with various amounts of
glycosylation on the cd4 receptor (0 in green, 1in red, and 2 in blue). Each tick on
the x-axis represents a different set of cells in culture, each with its own cd4
receptor. i) what does this data show about the role of glycosylation in the HIV-cd4
docking mechanism? ii) what interactions may be altered between gp120 and cd4
with the addition of sugars to cd4?
D
Virus titer (TDU/mL)
10
HIV-1 Group M subtype B
"AC10.0.29"
106
105
104
R40-
Human 1 2 3 4 5 6
Chimpanzee allele #
0 glycans in CD4 D1 domain
1 glycan in CD4 D1 domain
2 glycans in CD4 D1 domain
![d) The gp120 protein on HIV can be glycosylated by several types of sugars to facilitate
immune evasion (known as a glycan shield). Why might very small changes in the
structure of the sugar (shown below) change the ability of the immune system to
recognize the viral protein (in this case, the ability of an antibody [which is a
protein] to bind to the gp120 protein)?
ASN
FA2
(gp120)
Varying
lengths
ASN
FA3
(gp120)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fce3589f0-5608-4fb5-a11c-ce1805f2c8e6%2F2d8ca699-237a-4c01-a8bf-9b21438979b0%2Fnrslaw_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:d) The gp120 protein on HIV can be glycosylated by several types of sugars to facilitate
immune evasion (known as a glycan shield). Why might very small changes in the
structure of the sugar (shown below) change the ability of the immune system to
recognize the viral protein (in this case, the ability of an antibody [which is a
protein] to bind to the gp120 protein)?
ASN
FA2
(gp120)
Varying
lengths
ASN
FA3
(gp120)
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