10 12 13 14 20 21 22 23 Across Down 2. an allele whose effect is the absence either of normal gene product at the molecular level or of normal function at 1. The occurrence in a population of multiple forms of a trait or multiple alleles at a genetic locus the phenotypic level (two words) 3. the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template 4. the ribosome-mediated production of a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is derived from the codon sequence of an 6. DNA sequence motif that influences the timing, cell, or tissue specificity, or level of expression of a gene (two words) 7. a mutation that alters a single base position in a DNA molecule by converting it to a different base or by the insertion/deletion of a single base in a DNA molecule (two words) MRNA molecule 5. the genotype or phenotype that is found in nature or in the standard laboratory stock for a given organism 9. the study of genes, and inheritance 11. One of the different forms of a gene that can exist at a single locus 12. a mutation that confers a mutant phenotype but still retains a low but detectable level of wild-type function 15. refers to specific pairing between nucleotides 8. a change to the sequence of a codon that does not change the encoded amino acid 10. an organism or cell containing a mutation 13. A section of RNA (three nucleotides in length) that encodes a single amino acid, also used to refer to the corresponding DNA sequence 14. The maleness gene, residing on the Y chromosome (acronym+word) 16. the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, a segment of DNA composed of a transcribed region and regulatory sequence that makes transcription possible 17. (verb) the process that produces a gene or wild type, (noun) a gene or chromosome that results from mutation 18. small regions at the ends of the X and Y chromosomes; they are homologous and undergo pairing and crossing over at meiosis (two words) 19. a polymorphism with only two forms (e.g. male and female) 20. An attribute of individual members of a species for which various heritable differences (traits) can be defined. 21. a cell having one chromosome set, or an organism composed of such cells 22. a nucleotide-pair difference at a given location in the genomes of two or more naturally occurring individuals 23. the cloning and molecular characterization of entire genomes (the analysis of genomes)