Below Figure represents the average soil profile obtained from boreholes, at the site of a proposed building whose foundation is to be placed at a depth of 2.5m. The ground water table is at a depth of 3.5m. It is estimated that the additional stress on the N clay layer due to the weight of the building will be 150k at the top of the clay and m N 70k at the bottom of the clay. Following results were obtained from consolidation m tests: N N Unit weights: sand above water table -19.0k3; saturated sand -21.0k-3; m m lay- 19.5k N m Determine the settlement of the clay layer.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.