before medication: 187 120 151 143 160 168 181 197 133 128 130 195 130 147 193 157.53 27.409 after medication: 187 118 147 145 158 166 177 196 134 124 133 196 130 146 189 156.40 27.060 change: 0 2 4 -2 2 2 4 1 -1 4 -3 -1 0 1 4 1.133 2.295 a) Calculate a 95% CI for the change in blood pressure. b) Calculate a 99% CI for the change in blood pressure. c) Does either interval (the one you calculated in (a) or (b)) include 0? Why is this important? d) Now conduct a one sample t-test using u = 0, and a = .05. Are the results consistent with (a)? Why or why not? e) Finally, conduct a one sample t-test using u = 0, and a = .01. Are the results consistent with (b)? Why or why not?

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**Educational Exercise on Confidence Intervals and T-Tests**

**Problem Statement:**  
You test a new drug to reduce blood pressure. A group of 15 patients with high blood pressure report the following systolic pressures (measured in mm Hg):

- **Before medication:** 187, 120, 151, 143, 160, 168, 181, 197, 133, 128, 130, 195, 130, 147, 193  
- **After medication:** 187, 118, 147, 145, 158, 166, 177, 196, 134, 124, 133, 196, 130, 146, 189  
- **Change:** 0, 2, 4, -2, 2, 2, 4, 1, -1, -1, 3, -1, 0, 1, 4

With these statistics:
- \( \bar{y} = 157.53 \)
- \( s = 27.409 \)

**Questions:**

a) Calculate a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the change in blood pressure.

b) Calculate a 99% Confidence Interval (CI) for the change in blood pressure.

c) Does either interval (the one you calculated in (a) or (b)) include 0? *Why is this important?*

d) Conduct a one-sample \( t \)-test using \( \mu = 0 \), and \( \alpha = 0.05 \). Are the results consistent with (a)? *Why or why not?*

e) Finally, conduct a one-sample \( t \)-test using \( \mu = 0 \), and \( \alpha = 0.01 \). Are the results consistent with (b)? *Why or why not?*

*(Make sure you answer the part in bold for (d) and (e). See also problem 5)*

**Instructions for Students:**
- Calculate the intervals and perform hypothesis testing.
- Compare results to evaluate statistical significance and the effectiveness of the drug.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Exercise on Confidence Intervals and T-Tests** **Problem Statement:** You test a new drug to reduce blood pressure. A group of 15 patients with high blood pressure report the following systolic pressures (measured in mm Hg): - **Before medication:** 187, 120, 151, 143, 160, 168, 181, 197, 133, 128, 130, 195, 130, 147, 193 - **After medication:** 187, 118, 147, 145, 158, 166, 177, 196, 134, 124, 133, 196, 130, 146, 189 - **Change:** 0, 2, 4, -2, 2, 2, 4, 1, -1, -1, 3, -1, 0, 1, 4 With these statistics: - \( \bar{y} = 157.53 \) - \( s = 27.409 \) **Questions:** a) Calculate a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the change in blood pressure. b) Calculate a 99% Confidence Interval (CI) for the change in blood pressure. c) Does either interval (the one you calculated in (a) or (b)) include 0? *Why is this important?* d) Conduct a one-sample \( t \)-test using \( \mu = 0 \), and \( \alpha = 0.05 \). Are the results consistent with (a)? *Why or why not?* e) Finally, conduct a one-sample \( t \)-test using \( \mu = 0 \), and \( \alpha = 0.01 \). Are the results consistent with (b)? *Why or why not?* *(Make sure you answer the part in bold for (d) and (e). See also problem 5)* **Instructions for Students:** - Calculate the intervals and perform hypothesis testing. - Compare results to evaluate statistical significance and the effectiveness of the drug.
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