Solve and show work on paper reference is included Loss Budgeting HandoutSimple Loss Budget ModelThe simple loss budget model considers the channelloss only as a single aggregated quantity. The channel lossincludes all possible components (e.g., wires, antennas, air)between the transmitter and receiver.SIMPLE LOSS BUDGET MODEL (all power values here in dB)30-20-30-0--30--20--30-40--50 M-60-The receiver sensitivity is the minimum received powerfor proper operation of the receiver. Received power belowthis value results in unacceptably high Bit Error Rates(BER). The difference between the actual received powerPRx and the receiver sensitivity Pax min is called the systemmargin M. When M > 0 the system can operate properly,with acceptable BER, and system can withstand atemporary additional loss of M dB. In case M = 0, thesystem is able to operate with acceptable BER, but there is nomargin for temporary additional channel loss. When M < 0, thesystem cannot operate with acceptably low BER.Wireless Loss Budget ModelThe wireless loss budget model considers the variouscontributions to the channel loss separately. The channel lossLch is here considered to be made up of (1) losses due toantenna wires (LTx and LRx), (2) the air loss (Lair), and ispartially offset by (3) gains due to antennas (GTX and GRX)-Antenna gain offsets the channel loss because, when set upproperly, real antennas concentrate more power towards thereceiving antenna more than an (ideal) isotropic antenna.Loss budget with noise floor and SNR:Proper system operation requires not only a minimum received power (the receiver sensitivity), but also aminimum signal-to-noise ratio, SNR. The SNR is the ratio of the received power (in mW) to the RF power inthe noise floor (in mW), where RF noise floor Pnoise is essentially a random mixture of RF signals due to awide variety of RF sources. In decibel units the SNR is given by SNRAB = PRx_dBm - Pnoise_dBm-Antenna Gain relative to isotropic (dBi units)An isotropic antenna is an antenna that radiates equally in all directions of 3D space. No isotropic antennaexists in the real world. The antenna gain G accounts for the fact that real antennas, instead of radiatingequally in all directions in 3D space, instead concentrate power in certain directions. The simplest case of areal antenna is a dipole (a straight wire), which sends the strongest signal centered on and perpendicular tothe antenna's axis. The dipole radiates less in directions not perpendicular to its axis, radiating nothing alongits axis. Antenna gain is usually measured in units of dBi ("decibels relative to isotropic"),giving the increase in received power over the case where the same transmitter power wasfed to an ideal isotropic antenna. The dipole antenna has a gain of 2.15 dBi.Pr, feeds actual antenna-70-La-30dB30-PT10-0-PRI-10-PRs.in20-PTXLichTxLichPTXReceiver sensitivity = minimum powerneeded at R₂ = PRx, minPRx ≥PRx, min →M>0, BER OKPRx Basic loss budgeting=6) Consider a wireless transmitter with PTx 0 dBm and a channel loss of Lch = 80 dB. Calculate thereceived power PRx. Note: the channel loss includes air channel loss, wire losses, and antenna gains.-80 dBm,7) Suppose the minimum received power for proper operation of a wireless system is PRx,minand that the Transmitted power is PTx23 dBm. Calculate the maximum channel loss for properoperation of the system.===

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Basic loss budgeting 6) Consider a wireless transmitter with PTx = 0 dBm and a channel loss of Lch = 80 dB. Calculate the received power PRx. Note: the channel loss includes air channel loss, wire losses, and antenna gains.

Basic loss budgeting 6) Consider a wireless transmitter with PTx = 0 dBm and a channel loss of Lch = 80 dB. Calculate the received power PRx. Note: the channel loss includes air channel loss, wire losses, and antenna gains.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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