Based on this figure, which statement is true? The diversity of organisms on Earth has increased since life arose. Plants and bacteria do not share a common ancestor. Microbial eukaryotes include bacteria. Most of the species that were ever present on Earth have already been discovered. Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.

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### Overview of Life's Domains and Species Diversity

The diagram illustrates the evolutionary relationships among the three domains of life: **Bacteria**, **Archaea**, and **Eukarya**. It represents these relationships as a phylogenetic tree, highlighting the complexity and diversity within each domain.

#### Domains of Life:

1. **Bacteria (Orange Pathway):**
   - Represents common prokaryotic organisms.
   - Known species: 10,000
   - Estimated species: Millions

2. **Archaea (Purple Pathway):**
   - Known species: 300
   - Estimated species: 1,000–1 million

3. **Eukarya (Teal Pathway):**
   - Includes organisms with complex cells that have a defined nucleus.

#### Key Features:

- **Mitochondria and Chloroplasts:**
  - The dashed arrows indicate the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, where they show evolutionary links to bacterial ancestors.

- **Eukarya Branches:**
  - Mitochondria-associated eukaryotes diversify into several primary groups, showcasing the variety in life forms including animals, plants, fungi, and microbial eukaryotes.

#### Species Diversity Breakdown:

- **Plants:**
  - Known species: 300,000
  - Estimated species: 400,000–500,000

- **Microbial Eukaryotes:**
  - Known species: 80,000
  - Estimated species: 500,000–1 million

- **Animals:**
  - Known species: 1,300,000
  - Estimated species: 10 million–100 million

- **Fungi:**
  - Known species: 100,000
  - Estimated species: 1–2 million

This informative diagram not only outlines the evolutionary pathways of life but also highlights the vastness in estimated biodiversity compared to the number of described species, emphasizing the potential for undiscovered organisms.
Transcribed Image Text:### Overview of Life's Domains and Species Diversity The diagram illustrates the evolutionary relationships among the three domains of life: **Bacteria**, **Archaea**, and **Eukarya**. It represents these relationships as a phylogenetic tree, highlighting the complexity and diversity within each domain. #### Domains of Life: 1. **Bacteria (Orange Pathway):** - Represents common prokaryotic organisms. - Known species: 10,000 - Estimated species: Millions 2. **Archaea (Purple Pathway):** - Known species: 300 - Estimated species: 1,000–1 million 3. **Eukarya (Teal Pathway):** - Includes organisms with complex cells that have a defined nucleus. #### Key Features: - **Mitochondria and Chloroplasts:** - The dashed arrows indicate the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, where they show evolutionary links to bacterial ancestors. - **Eukarya Branches:** - Mitochondria-associated eukaryotes diversify into several primary groups, showcasing the variety in life forms including animals, plants, fungi, and microbial eukaryotes. #### Species Diversity Breakdown: - **Plants:** - Known species: 300,000 - Estimated species: 400,000–500,000 - **Microbial Eukaryotes:** - Known species: 80,000 - Estimated species: 500,000–1 million - **Animals:** - Known species: 1,300,000 - Estimated species: 10 million–100 million - **Fungi:** - Known species: 100,000 - Estimated species: 1–2 million This informative diagram not only outlines the evolutionary pathways of life but also highlights the vastness in estimated biodiversity compared to the number of described species, emphasizing the potential for undiscovered organisms.
**Question:**

Based on this figure, which statement is true?

**Options:**

- The diversity of organisms on Earth has increased since life arose.
- Plants and bacteria do not share a common ancestor.
- Microbial eukaryotes include bacteria.
- Most of the species that were ever present on Earth have already been discovered.
- Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.

*(The question involves choosing the correct statement about the relationships and diversity of life on Earth based on an unspecified figure.)*
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Based on this figure, which statement is true? **Options:** - The diversity of organisms on Earth has increased since life arose. - Plants and bacteria do not share a common ancestor. - Microbial eukaryotes include bacteria. - Most of the species that were ever present on Earth have already been discovered. - Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals. *(The question involves choosing the correct statement about the relationships and diversity of life on Earth based on an unspecified figure.)*
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