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Based on the given design criteria, and without carrying out any preliminary calculations, develop a conceptual design of the three types of foundations as described above. Express your concepts by outlining the following: How the construction processes and challenges, and repair and maintenance can be minimized. How sustainability and climate change can be addressed.

Based on the given design criteria, and without carrying out any preliminary calculations, develop a conceptual design of the three types of foundations as described above. Express your concepts by outlining the following: How the construction processes and challenges, and repair and maintenance can be minimized. How sustainability and climate change can be addressed.

Construction Materials, Methods and Techniques (MindTap Course List)
Construction Materials, Methods and Techniques (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN:9781305086272
Author:William P. Spence, Eva Kultermann
Publisher:William P. Spence, Eva Kultermann
Chapter9: Pre-cast Concrete
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 6RQ: What is the main value in pre-stressing pre-cast concrete columns?
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Based on the given design criteria, and without carrying out any preliminary calculations, develop a conceptual design of the three types of foundations as described above. Express your concepts by outlining the following:

  • How the construction processes and challenges, and repair and maintenance can be minimized.
  • How sustainability and climate change can be addressed.
Specifications for soil and ground conditions As shown in Figure 2, the soil profile underlying the area consists of soft loamy sand, dense silty sand and weathered limestone which is overlaying bedrock. Elevations are indicated. Following a site investigation at the area, the cone penetrometer test results shown below were taken from the ground surface (Figure 3). Design and loading conditions to be considered immediately after construction of the project. It is also known that the water table depth (WT) is at considerable depth and will not affect the design. Soft Team Dense silty sand Weathered limestone & S Bedrock 28 2 T sash JmM L Figure 2: Longitudinal section of bridge overpass. Depth below existing ground surface( m) AMA A M a My w/m Figure 3: Results of cone penetrometer of underlying soil. Elevation (m) 0 --5.0 --6.5 -10.0 --12.2 -15.0 -17.9 -20.0 M
Transcribed Image Text:Specifications for soil and ground conditions As shown in Figure 2, the soil profile underlying the area consists of soft loamy sand, dense silty sand and weathered limestone which is overlaying bedrock. Elevations are indicated. Following a site investigation at the area, the cone penetrometer test results shown below were taken from the ground surface (Figure 3). Design and loading conditions to be considered immediately after construction of the project. It is also known that the water table depth (WT) is at considerable depth and will not affect the design. Soft Team Dense silty sand Weathered limestone & S Bedrock 28 2 T sash JmM L Figure 2: Longitudinal section of bridge overpass. Depth below existing ground surface( m) AMA A M a My w/m Figure 3: Results of cone penetrometer of underlying soil. Elevation (m) 0 --5.0 --6.5 -10.0 --12.2 -15.0 -17.9 -20.0 M
Specifications for the structure: A multi-storey concrete is to be designed in a region of Oman which has experienced an increase in flash floods over the last two years. Additionally, the summer period has induced pro-longed exposure to heat waves. A proposed concept of the structure is shown in Figure 1, with the following specifications known: Number of bays along the x-direction (Nx). Number of bays along the y-direction (N₁). • Column heights for each floor (H). ● All column dimensions are square with width (bc). Based on the underlying soil profile (Figure 2), three types of foundations are to be considered for the structure: pile-cap foundation, an isolated (spread) footing and a combined footing (other than the abutments). Parameters of the footings to be considered in design are as follows: . ● ● Isolated footing: o Dead and live loads of G₁ and Q transferred from the column, respectively. o Concrete class C25/30. o Reinforcement grade 450. ● ● Combined footing: o Two square columns with c/c distance of columns dc. o Dead and live loads of G, and Q, transferred from each column, respectively. Concrete class C30/37. o o Reinforcement grade 500. Pile cap footing o The cap is supported by four piles of equal diameter Dp. o The piles are symmetrically arranged and spaced at c/c distance of dp. o Transfer load from a single column: dead and live loads of Gp and Qp, respectively. Concrete class C25/30. o o Reinforcement grade 500. X Figure 1: Proposed concept of structure. Roof 2nd floor 1st floor Ground floor
Transcribed Image Text:Specifications for the structure: A multi-storey concrete is to be designed in a region of Oman which has experienced an increase in flash floods over the last two years. Additionally, the summer period has induced pro-longed exposure to heat waves. A proposed concept of the structure is shown in Figure 1, with the following specifications known: Number of bays along the x-direction (Nx). Number of bays along the y-direction (N₁). • Column heights for each floor (H). ● All column dimensions are square with width (bc). Based on the underlying soil profile (Figure 2), three types of foundations are to be considered for the structure: pile-cap foundation, an isolated (spread) footing and a combined footing (other than the abutments). Parameters of the footings to be considered in design are as follows: . ● ● Isolated footing: o Dead and live loads of G₁ and Q transferred from the column, respectively. o Concrete class C25/30. o Reinforcement grade 450. ● ● Combined footing: o Two square columns with c/c distance of columns dc. o Dead and live loads of G, and Q, transferred from each column, respectively. Concrete class C30/37. o o Reinforcement grade 500. Pile cap footing o The cap is supported by four piles of equal diameter Dp. o The piles are symmetrically arranged and spaced at c/c distance of dp. o Transfer load from a single column: dead and live loads of Gp and Qp, respectively. Concrete class C25/30. o o Reinforcement grade 500. X Figure 1: Proposed concept of structure. Roof 2nd floor 1st floor Ground floor
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