Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1QTC
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Based on the diagram, are beer and pretzels complements or substitutes?

Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts an economic graph commonly used to illustrate concepts of indifference curves and budget constraints. Here’s a detailed explanation:
### Graph Components:
- **Axes:**
- The vertical axis represents the quantity of "Beer."
- The horizontal axis represents the quantity of "Pretzels."
- **Lines and Curves:**
- Two dark blue curves are indifference curves, showing combinations of Beer and Pretzels that provide the consumer with the same level of utility. The curve labeled \( IC_1 \) is an indifference curve.
- The green line represents a budget constraint. It shows the combinations of Beer and Pretzels that a consumer can purchase with a fixed budget.
- The red line is a steeper budget constraint.
- **Points:**
- Point **A** (8 Pretzels, 8 Beer): Lies on the budget constraint, indicating a possible consumption bundle within the consumer's budget.
- Point **B** (8 Pretzels, 19 Beer): Lies on the indifference curve \( IC_1 \) but beyond the current budget constraint, indicating a higher utility level not currently affordable.
- Point **C** (5 Pretzels, 17 Beer): Another point on the same budget constraint as A, showing a different combination the consumer can afford.
### Key Concepts:
- **Indifference Curves (IC):**
- Indifference curves represent different levels of satisfaction. Further curves from the origin represent higher satisfaction or utility.
- **Budget Constraint:**
- Reflects trade-offs given the prices of goods and consumer income. Changes in prices or income shift the constraint.
### Economic Interpretation:
- The graph illustrates a fundamental trade-off in consumer choice under budget constraints. Movement along the budget line involves giving up some of one good in exchange for more of the other, maintaining budget balance.
- Point B cannot be attained given the current budget constraint despite representing a higher utility.
- The location of indifference curves and budget constraints is crucial for understanding consumer preferences and maximizing utility given economic limitations.
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