Based on observations of the rate of travel between two observation wells of a tracer element having retardation factor of 1.0, it is determined that the average linear flow (also known as seepage veloci 0.80m/day when the hydraulic gradient is 0.0005. A sample of the aquifer is tested and found to have a porosity of 0.20. Estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) in m/day. Relevant equations from the equation sheet: Velume of Veide Porosity (n) =Tatei Velume of Voids+selida Porosity Darcy's Law Velocity and Flow v is the Darcy velocity Qis flow rate (usually m'/s) Kis hydraulic conductivity (usually m/day) Q = KA dh

Based on observations of the rate of travel between two observation wells of a tracer element having retardation factor of 1.0, it is determined that the average linear flow (also known as seepage veloci 0.80m/day when the hydraulic gradient is 0.0005. A sample of the aquifer is tested and found to have a porosity of 0.20. Estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) in m/day. Relevant equations from the equation sheet: Velume of Veide Porosity (n) =Tatei Velume of Voids+selida Porosity Darcy's Law Velocity and Flow v is the Darcy velocity Qis flow rate (usually m'/s) Kis hydraulic conductivity (usually m/day) Q = KA dh

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.

Question

Based on observations of the rate of travel between two observation wells of a tracer element having retardation factor of 1.0, it is determined that the average linear flow (also known as seepage velocity) is
0.80m/day when the hydraulic gradient is 0.0005. A sample of the aquifer is tested and found to have a porosity of 0.20. Estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) in m/day.
Relevant equations from the equation sheet:
Volume of Voids
Porosity
Porosity (n) =
Total Volume of Voids+Solids
Darcy's Law Velocity and Flow
dh
= KA
v is the Darcy velocity
Q is flow rate (usually m’/s)
Kis hydraulic conductivity (usually m/day)
(dh

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For the constant head permeability test apparatus shown, cross-sectional area A flow, distance / between stand 78.5 cm² perpendicular to the direction Flow is vertically downwards through the sample. When the pipes = 10.0 cm. head loss h between the two standpipes is 5 cm, the volume of water which flows through the sample is 100 cm³ per minute. (a) What is the hydraulic gradient through the sample? Area A (b) What is your estimate of the coefficient of permeability k in cm/sec? How much (c) The exit point of the water is maneuvered so that the head loss h is increased 10 cm. water (in cm³) will flow through the sample in 2 minutes?
A site consists of a homogenous dense silty sand layerof 8m thickness which is underlain by an imprevious stiff clau stratum. The initial water table was at 3m depth below the ground level. A pumping test was carrier out by pumping water at the rate of 0.7 m^3/min. Onservation wells were dug into the ground at 25m and 50m distances from the center line of the well. At steady state (i.e., when there was no change in water levels in the observation wells), the water levels in the two wells dropped by 500mm and 150mm, respectively. Determine the hydraulic conductivity of the clay sand layer.
7.7 In a constant-head permeability test, the length of the specimen is 200 mm and the cross sectional area is 78.5 cm². If k = 2.1 x 10-2 cm/sec, and a rate of flow of 130 cm³/min has to be maintained during the test, what should be the head difference across the specimen?
A cylindrical soil sample with length = 15cm and diameter = 4cm was taken from a site where a groundwater contamination piume was found. The sample was tested in the lab to determine its hydraulic conductivity. A hydraulic gradient of 0.05 was applied across the sample, and a flow rate of 0.025 cm³/sec was measured. Calculate the hydraulic conductivity of the soil sample using Darcy's law.
a. For Figure 2 below, calculate the effective hydraulic conductivity for flow parallel and perpendicular to layering. Show your work. Explain the difference in values. Figure 2 sand layer; K = 1 m/d; thickness = 5 d 10.5 m clay layer; K = 0.000001 m/d; thickness = 0.5 m sand laver: K = 1 m/d; thickness = 5 m b. Figure 3 below shows the effects of groundwater refraction, assuming that groundwater flow in the top layer is almost horizontal i.e., a = 89.8°, what is B and what can you say about the flow in the clay layer? a a K, b B K Figure 3.